西昌市重金属污染现状分析及防治技术方法研究  

Analysis of the Current Situation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Xichang City and Exploration of Prevention and Control Technology

作　　者：曾建 王飞 龚锐 黄铖 上官宇先[3] ZENG Jian;WANG Fei;GONG Rui;HUANG Cheng;SHANGGUAN YuXian(The 8th Geological Brigade of Sichuan Province,Xichang,Sichuan 615000,China;Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu,Sichuan 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省第八地质大队,四川西昌615000 [2]新疆农业大学,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,四川成都610000

出　　处：《农业研究与应用》2024年第3期231-239,共9页Agricultural Research and Application

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2023YFS0485)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过一系列评价方法对西昌市耕地重金属污染现状进行分析,利用现有成熟的重金属防治技术研究出一套最适合当地的技术方案。【方法】采集四川省西昌市耕地土壤样品共155个,农产品样品共148个,通过测定土壤和农产品中的砷(As)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)等5种重金属及类金属元素的含量,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法对该地区耕地进行重金属污染程度分析。【结果】(1)地累积指数法评价结果表明研究区域耕地总体上受重金属污染较低,但是个别点位存在镉元素极重度污染风险。(2)潜在生态污染指数法评价结果表明个别点位存在重金属元素铬元素和铅元素重度污染风险,镉、砷、汞元素极重度污染风险,综合潜在生态风险指数结果为重度风险。(3)农产品中重金属含量较低,受污染程度较轻,仅有零星点位的镉元素超标。【结论】西昌市耕地主要受重金属镉污染,污染程度较重,范围较小,经有效防治后,土壤及农产品重金属含量下降效果明显,探讨出有效的重金属污染防治技术措施:有机肥、有机肥+叶面阻控剂、土壤调理剂+叶面阻控剂处理,可作为西昌市重金属污染防治的最佳配套防治措施。【Objective】This study was conducted to analyze the current situation of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land in Xichang City through a series of evaluation methods,and to develop a set of technical solutions that are most suitable for the local area by using the existing mature heavy metal control technology.【Method】A total of 155 soil samples and 148 agricultural product samples were collected from Xichang City,Sichuan Province,and the contents of arsenic(As),chromium(Cr),cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb)and mercury(Hg)in soil and agricultural products were determined.【Result】(1)The results of evaluation with the land accumulation index method showed that the cultivated land in the study area was generally polluted low by heavy metals,but there was a risk of severe cadmium pollution at individual points.(2)The results of evaluation with the potential ecological pollution index method showed that there was a risk of severe pollution of heavy metals chromium and lead,severe pollution risk of cadmium,arsenic and mercury at individual points,and the results of the comprehensive potential ecological risk index were severe risks.(3)The contents of heavy metals in agricultural products were low,the pollution was slight,and only the cadmium element in sporadic points exceeds the standard.【Conclusion】The cultivated land in Xichang City is mainly polluted by heavy metal cadmium,and the pollution degree is serious,but the scope is small.After effective prevention and control,the heavy metal content in soil and agricultural products has a significant reduction effect,and the effective technical measures for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution are obtained:organic fertilizer,organic fertilizer+foliar inhibitor,soil conditioner+foliar inhibitor treatment,which can be used as the best supporting measures for prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in Xichang City.

关 键 词：西昌市 耕地土壤 重金属 污染现状 防治技术方案 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]