膛口流场数值模拟与制退器性能研究  

Numerical Simulation of Muzzle Blast Flow and Performance of Muzzle Brake

作　　者：姜瑞洲 曲普[1] 赵洪运 JIANG Ruizhou;QU Pu;ZHAO Hongyun(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,Shanxi,China;Chongqing Changan Wangjiang Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400071,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学机电工程学院,山西太原030051 [2]重庆长安望江工业集团有限公司,重庆400071

出　　处：《火炮发射与控制学报》2024年第6期51-57,共7页Journal of Gun Launch & Control

摘　　要：以两种不同结构制退器为研究对象,基于计算流体动力学方法,采用有限体积法进行数值离散,建立无制退器及不同方案制退器膛口流场数学物理模型进行数值模拟。两种制退器结构主要区别为内部腔室冲击棱,通过仿真探究膛口流场速度和压力等参数分布特性,分析制退器制退原理,研究后效期过程各制退器不同结构的受力情况。继而计算后效期过程制退器合力,得到各方案制退器制退效率。对不同方案制退器计算结果进行对比,研究得到以下结论:制退器内腔冲击棱通过改变火药气体流量分配以及自身受压提供作用力提高制退效果,制退器增设冲击棱后,制退效率从35.18%提升至53.35%,此研究为制退器结构设计提供了理论依据。The muzzle brake was selected as the subject of investigation.A finite volume method was employed to discretize the numerical values,utilizing a computational fluid dynamics approach.Mathematical and physical models of diverse muzzle fields were constructed for numerical simulation.The primary distinction between the two brake structures lies in the impact edge of the internal chamber.The simulation enabled an investigation of the distribution characteristics of parameters such as velocity and pressure within the muzzle field.It also facilitated an analysis of the principle of the muzzle brake and a study of the stress conditions associated with the different structures of the muzzle brake.Subsequently,the resultant force of the muzzle brake in the aftereffect process was calculated,and the brake efficiency of each scheme was obtained.The following conclusions were reached upon comparing the calculation results of the various schemes.The impact edge effectively enhances the force by modifying the powder gas flow distribution and the underlying pressure,thereby improving the overall effect.The muzzle brake efficiency is increased from 35.18%to 53.35%.The research provides a theoretical foundation for the structural design of the muzzle brake.

关 键 词：制退器 冲击棱 膛口流场 制退效率 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TJ303[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]