欧洲苜蓿生产发展态势与启示  

Development trend and enlightenment of alfalfa production in Europe

作　　者：陶雅[1] 柳茜 孙启忠[1] 李峰[1] 张晨 李文龙 TAO Ya;LIU Qian;SUN Qizhong;LI Feng;ZHANG Chen;LI Wenlong(Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot 010010;Institute of Agricultural Science,Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Xichang 615000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所/农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,呼和浩特010010 [2]凉山彝族自治州农业科学研究院,西昌615000

出　　处：《草原与草业》2024年第4期1-8,共8页Grassland and Prataculture

基　　金：国家乳业技术创新中心项目(项目编号:2022-科研攻关-1);内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(项目编号:2022JBGS00160202);农业重大技术协同推广计划试点项目“内蒙古地方优良苜蓿品种(敖汉苜蓿)全产业链现代化关键技术集成与推广应用”;中国农业科学院创新工程(项目编号:CAAS-ASTIP-IGR 2016-02)。

摘　　要：回望欧洲近百年(1926—2022年)的苜蓿发展,其苜蓿栽培面积发展经历了扩增—减少的过程。前50年(1926—1972)是欧洲苜蓿栽培面积扩增期,由250.74 hm^(2)增加至578.80 hm^(2),增加了1.31倍,到1972年欧洲苜蓿栽培面积达到历史最高水平。1972年之后的50年(1972—2022年)间,欧洲栽培面积呈下降趋势发展,到2017年苜蓿栽培面积仅为247.11 hm^(2),与1926年的苜蓿面积相近。苜蓿单产也在逐年增加,如法国从1945年的2.01 t·hm^(2),增加到1988年7.6 t·hm^(2),到2017年增加至14.8 t·hm^(2),这是欧洲苜蓿面积减少的原因。该研究深度分析了目前欧洲苜蓿生产现状及欧洲主要苜蓿生产国,如意大利、法国、西班牙和塞尔维亚等苜蓿发展现状。从欧洲苜蓿生产发展中,获得重要启示,即作为中欧古老的栽培牧草,欧洲在提高苜蓿单产的同时减少了种植面积并且高度重视种子生产。Looking back on the development of alfalfa in Europe in recent 100 years(1926—2022),the cultivation area of alfalfa in Europe had experienced a process of expansion to reduction.The first 50 years(46 years,1926—1972)was the expansion period in Europe,which increased from 250.74hm^(2) to 578.80hm^(2),an increase by 1.31 times,and by 1972,the cultivation area of alfalfa in Europe reached the highest level in history.In the 50 years after 1972(1972—2022),the cultivation area of alfalfa showed a downward trend,by 2017,it was only 247.11hm^(2),which was close to that in 1926.However,the per unit yield of alfalfa increased year by year.For example,in France,it increased from 2.01 t·hm^(2) in 1945 to 7.6 t·hm^(2) in 1988 and 14.8 t·hm^(2) in 2017,which might be the reason for the reduction of cultivation area in Europe.In addition,the current situation of alfalfa production in Europe and the development status of alfalfa in major European alfalfa producing countries,such as Italy,France,Spain and Serbia,were deeply analyzed.We got valuable insights from the development of alfalfa in Europe.Alfalfa,as an ancient cultivated forage in Central Europe,it was emphasised on increasing yields perunit area and reducing planting scale,at the mean time,great attention was paid to seed production.

关 键 词：苜蓿 欧洲苜蓿发展 国内启示 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]