日喀则和平机场鸟类群落结构及鸟击防范  

Bird Community Structure and Bird Strike Prevention at Rikaze Heping Airport

作　　者：王家俊 杨乐 翁仕洋 尼玛次仁 WANG Jiajun;YANG Le;WENG Shiyang;Ciren Nima(Xizang University;Xizang Plateau Institute of Biology,Lasa,Xizang 850000,China;Rikaze Heping Airport,Rikaze,857000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学生态环境学院 [2]西藏自治区高原生物研究所,西藏拉萨850000 [3]日喀则市和平机场,西藏日喀则857000

出　　处：《高原农业》2025年第1期100-111,共12页Journal of Plateau Agriculture

摘　　要：本研究旨在探究日喀则和平机场及周边区域的鸟类群落结构,为和平机场鸟击防范工作提供理论基础;使用样点法及样线法,调查研究区域内的鸟类群落结构,日喀则和平机场调查共记录鸟类11目29科70种,按照区系组成划分有古北界鸟类47种,广布种鸟类13种,东洋界鸟类10种;按照居留型组成划分有留鸟41种,冬候鸟20种,夏候鸟9种;从分布广度上看广性分布鸟类21种,中性分布鸟类18种,狭性分布鸟类23种;和平机场全年7种生境中,灌丛的多样性指数最高为2.52,村庄的多样性指数最低为1.22;非繁殖季期间,机场场区的香农威纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数最高为1.97,草地生境最低为0.96,繁殖季期间灌丛的多样性指数最高为2.57,村庄最低为0.86;日喀则和平机场全年鸟类的危险指数≥25的鸟种数有10种,危险指数在15-25之间的有10种,斑头雁(124.47)、赤麻鸭(78.68)、岩鸽(49.55)为危险指数最高的三种鸟类;非繁殖季期间鸟类的危险指数≥25的鸟种数有11种,鸟类危险指数在15-25之间的有4种,斑头雁(135.19)、赤麻鸭(76.50)、红隼(56.69)为非繁殖季危险指数最高的鸟种;繁殖季期间鸟类的危险指数≥25的鸟种数有10种,鸟类危险指数在15-25之间的有6种,赤麻鸭(58.67)、山斑鸠(56.92)、岩鸽(52.57)为繁殖季危险指数最高的鸟种。This study aims to explore the bird community structure of Rikaze Heping Airport and its surrounding areas,providing a theoretical basis for bird strike prevention work at Heping Airport;Using the method of sampling points and lines,the bird community structure in the study area was investigated.A total of 70 species of birds in 29 families and 11 orders were recorded in the Rikaze Heping Airport survey.According to the composition of the fauna,there were 47 species of birds in the Palaearctic realm,13 species of widely distributed birds,and 10 species of birds in the Oriental realm;According to the composition of residence types,there were 41 species of migratory birds,20 species of winter migratory birds,and 9 species of summer migratory birds;From the perspective of distribution breadth,there were 21 widely distributed bird species,18 neutrally distributed bird species,and 23 narrowly distributed bird species;Among the seven habitats at Heping Airport throughout the year,the highest diversity index for shrubs was 2.52,while the lowest diversity index for villages was 1.22;During the non breeding season,the Shannon Wiener diversity index in the airport area was the highest at 1.97,the grassland habitat was the lowest at 0.96,the shrub diversity index was the highest at 2.57,and the village diversity index was the lowest at 0.86;There were 10 bird species with a risk index of≥25 at Rikaze Heping Airport throughout the year,and 10 species with a risk index between 15~25.The spotted goose(124.47),red duck(78.68),and rock pigeon(49.55)had the highest risk index among the three bird species;There were 11 bird species with a risk index of≥25 during non breeding season,and 4 species with a risk index between 15-25.The spotted goose(135.19),red duck(76.50),and red falcon(56.69)had the highest risk index during non breeding season;During the breeding season,there were 10 bird species with a risk index of≥25,and 6 bird species with a risk index between 15-25.Red duck(58.67),mountain dove(56.92),and rock pigeon(52.5

关 键 词：鸟击 机场鸟类多样性 高高原机场 鸟击风险评估 鸟击防范措施 

分 类 号：Q959.9[生物学—动物学] Q958