小浪底水库对黄河下游水沙过程的影响  

Impact of Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the water and sediment processes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：苏柳 韦诗涛 尚文绣 SU Liu;WEI Shiao;SHANG Wenxiu(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin(under Construction),Ministry of Water Resources,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,郑州450003 [2]水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室(筹),郑州450003

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2024年第6期1129-1136,共8页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2243233)。

摘　　要：小浪底水库运行后黄河下游水沙过程发生明显变化,为量化小浪底水库在其中发挥的作用,将研究时段划分为三门峡水库单独运行时段(简称“单库时段”)和三门峡水库、小浪底水库联合调度时段(简称“双库时段”),对比2个时段黄河下游水沙过程变化,采用趋势检验、突变点分析、数值模拟等方法,定量评估小浪底水库在水沙过程变化中发挥的作用。结果显示:与单库时段相比,双库时段黄河下游花园口、高村和利津3个断面小于预警流量的天数减少90%以上,超过2000 m^(3)/s的大流量及关键期高流量脉冲持续时间延长;含沙量降幅超过72%,河道被持续冲刷。其中,小浪底水库通过泄放生态流量、调水调沙等措施,发挥了减少预警天数、增加大流量及高流量脉冲持续时间、年均减少黄河下游河道泥沙淤积量1.58亿t的作用。水沙过程变化提高了生态基流保证率与栖息地稳定性,有利于淡水鱼类多样性恢复。The construction of cascade reservoirs is a trend and inevitable way for efficient utilization of water resources in the basin.At the same time,the construction and operation of reservoirs have led to the redistribution of non-biological elements such as water and sediment,resulting in changes in the structure and function of river ecosystems.Multiple reservoirs often produce various effects such as summation,synergy,and antagonism along with a complex ecological impact especially in cascade development.The impact of adding new reservoirs has become a key factor in the planning of river cascade development.The river ecosystem is influenced by multiple factors such as water conservancy engineering conditions,climate change,land use,and water intake,which raises difficulty for scientifically quantitfying the role of newly added reservoirs.Xiaolangdi Reservoir is a critical project for controlling the water and sediment processes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River,and since its scheduling,it has jointly worked in conjunction with Sanmenxia Reservoir.Since the scheduling of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir,there have been significant changes in the water and sediment processes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.To quantify the role played by the Xiaolangdi Reservoir in these changes,the changes in water and sediment conditions in the lower reaches of the Yellow River during the single reservoir period of Sanmenxia Reservoir and the dual reservoir period of Sanmenxia Reservoir and Xiaolangdi Reservoir are quantified.The impact of Xiaolangdi Reservoir is quantitatively evaluated through methods such as trend testing,abrupt change point analysis,and numerical simulation.The results show that the single reservoir period compared with the joint scheduling of Xiaolangdi Reservoir and Sanmenxia Reservoir shortened the duration of low flow events in the lower reaches of the Yellow River,prolonged the duration of high flow events,and caused continuous erosion of the river channel.Compared with the single reservoir period,

关 键 词：小浪底水库 水文情势 泥沙 河道淤积 黄河 梯级水库群 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]