基于AquaCrop模型的玉米产量与水分利用效率模拟  

Simulation of maize yield and water use efficiency based on the AquaCrop model

作　　者：唐博文 孟凡香 孟波 王瑾 范一鸣 TANG Bowen;MENG Fanxiang;MENG Bo;WANG Jin;FAN Yiming(School of Hydraulic and Electric Power,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2024年第6期1224-1238,共15页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52109055);黑龙江大学杰出青年科学基金项目(JCL202105)。

摘　　要：以黑龙江省松嫩平原为研究区,探究不同降水年类型下灌溉对玉米产量和水分利用效率(water use efficiency,E_(WU))的影响,并制定科学合理的玉米灌溉方案,以提高农业水资源的利用效率。考虑玉米不同生育期和灌水定额的影响,共拟定37种灌溉方案,并将其输入本地化的水作物模型(AquaCrop)中进行模拟分析。探究不同降水年类型下雨养和灌溉对玉米产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率(irrigation water use efficiency,E_(IWU))的影响,确定关键灌溉期。通过对不同降水年类型下玉米产量和E_(WU)的对比关系进行分析,确定最优的灌溉制度。结果表明:AquaCrop模型能较好地模拟松嫩平原玉米的生长过程;在玉米关键生育期,适时适量的灌溉能确保作物获得足够的水分,减少产量损失,提高E_(WU),但过度灌溉会导致两者降低;综合考虑玉米产量和E_(WU),在特枯水年,苗期-拔节期(20 mm)、拔节-抽雄期(60 mm)和抽雄-灌浆期(60 mm)为最优灌溉方案;在枯水年,拔节-抽雄期(60 mm)和抽雄-灌浆期(60 mm)为最优灌溉方案,平水年和丰水年降水可以满足玉米水分需求,不需要灌溉。研究可为黑龙江省松嫩平原地区制定更加合理有效的玉米灌溉制度提供相应的理论依据,从而更好地应对气候变化和水资源短缺带来的挑战,保障粮食安全。Sustainable water resource use and food security are fundamental to society's sustainability.Likewise,crop production is a prerequisite for guaranteeing food security.Heilongjiang Province is an essential commercial grain production base in China and has an important strategic position in ensuring national food security.It is located in one of the world's three major soil belts,recognized as the world's golden growth for maize.According to statistics,in 2021,the sown area of maize in Heilongjiang Province was about 652.4×10~4 hm^(2),accounting for 44.8%of the total sown area of grain in the province,and its output accounted for 37.7%of the national total maize production.The main planting areas of maize in the province are concentrated in the Qiqihar,Suihua,and Harbin regions,which are all in the Songnen Plain region of Heilongjiang Province.However,the region has undergone significant environmental changes due to the trend of aridification,and water scarcity is a severe problem that limits maize growth and development processes.In addition,numerous studies have shown that drought often occurs during the reproductive period of maize and that in dry years,maize production can be increased through scientifically sound irrigation measures,while in years of high-water availability,when precipitation can satisfy maize water demand,care needs to be taken to avoid over-irrigation that leads to wasted water resources and crop damage.Based on 60 years of long-term historical meteorological data,the modified AquaCrop model was used to simulate maize yields under different rain-fed and irrigated scenarios for different precipitation year types at each typical site in the Songnen Plain.Water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were further computed to assess the efficiency of water resource use under different precipitation year types.Finally,the data were spatially interpolated using ArcGIS,and the results were visualized as maps to better understand maize yield and water use in different regions.The results

关 键 词：玉米 AquaCrop模型 产量 水分利用效率 灌溉水利用效率 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]