经验水平与负荷条件对地铁调度安全行为影响的实验研究  

Research on the Influence of Differential Cognition and Load Conditions on the Safety Behavior of Subway Dispatching

作　　者：李博[1] 宣金鸽 薛艳敏[1] 余隋怀 LI Bo;XUAN Jinge;XUE Yan-min;YU Sui-huai(Faculty of Art and Design,Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an,710054 China;Key Laboratory of Industrial Design and Ergonomics,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an,710072 China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学艺术与设计学院,西安710054 [2]西北工业大学工业设计与人机工效工业和信息化部重点实验室,西安710072

出　　处：《人类工效学》2024年第5期1-8,共8页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BSH122);西安市科技计划项目(22GXFW0079);西安市软科学研究项目(23RKYJ0054)。

摘　　要：目的为探究在不同经验与负荷条件下,注意力分配方式对地铁调度安全监控行为的影响。方法依据注意力分配模型设计眼动实验平台,采用3种注意力分配方式×2种脑力负荷×2种经验水平的眼动实验,脑力负荷采用N-BACK范式进行实验诱发并通过采集脑电生理数据进行监测,通过分析被试者平均注视持续时间、平均注视次数与瞳孔直径3种眼动指标,探究在不同经验水平和脑力负荷下,注意力分配方式对地铁调度安全监控行为的影响。结果(1)被试在不同负荷状态下N-BACK范式进行脑力负荷诱发α波与β波平均功率百分比P值均<0.05,具有显著性差异;(2)在不同经验与负荷条件下,主次分配处理异常信息所需时间最短;(3)高经验人群在高负荷状态下,三种分配方式的平均注视次数与平均瞳孔直径的数据差异不显著。结论(1)在不同负荷水平下,主次分配的视觉注意力更加集中,适用于低经验人群和高经验人群;(2)由于高经验人群有丰富的异常信息处理经验,认知加工过程较短,三种注意力分配方式对其影响不显著;(3)多级分配的视觉注意力比较分散,一定程度上能缓解调度员的认知负荷;(4)通过脑电生理数据监测证明N-BACK范式对脑力负荷诱发具有有效性,并通过眼动数据各项指标分析视觉注意力合理分配的方式,主次分配的普适性更高,注意力分配更加合理,为地铁安全监控界面的人机优化提供参考。Objective To explore the impact of attention allocation methods on subway dispatch safety monitoring behavior under different experience and load conditions.Methods Based on the attention allocation model,an eye movement experimental platform was designed,using 3 attention allocation methods x 2 brain load x 2 experience levels in eye movement experiments.Brain load was induced using the N-Back paradigm and monitored by collecting EEG physiological data.By analyzing the average gaze duration,average gaze frequency,and pupil diameter of the subjects as three eye movement indicators,the impact of attention allocation methods on subway dispatch safety monitoring behavior was explored under different experience levels and brain load.Results(1)Participants underwent brain load induction using the N-BACK paradigm under different load statesαWave andβThe P-values of the average power percentage of the waves are all less than 0.05,indicating significant differences;(2)Under different experience and load conditions,the time required for primary and secondary allocation to handle abnormal information is the shortest;(3)There is no significant difference in the average fixation frequency and average pupil diameter of the three allocation methods among the highly experienced population under high load conditions.Conclusion(1)Under different load levels,the visual attention of primary and secondary allocation is more concentrated,suitable for low experience and high experience populations;(2)Due to the rich experience in handling abnormal information and short cognitive processing,the three types of attention allocation methods have no significant impact on the highly experienced population;(3)The visual attention of multi-level allocation is relatively dispersed,which can to some extent alleviate the cognitive load of dispatchers;(4)By monitoring EEG physiological data,it has been demonstrated that the N-BACK paradigm is effective in inducing brain load.By analyzing various indicators of eye movement data,the reasonable al

关 键 词：交通工程 人机交互 脑力负荷 注意力分配 眼动追踪 地铁调度 经验水平 交通安全 事故预防 

分 类 号：TB472[一般工业技术—工业设计] TB18