自信水平对年轻驾驶员视觉搜索模式和危险反应的影响  

Effect of Confidence Level on Visual Search Patterns and Hazard Response of Young Drivers

作　　者：肖宏雁 潘月莹 XIAO Hong-yan;PAN Yue-Ying(School of Psychology,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《人类工效学》2024年第5期9-13,共5页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

摘　　要：目的结合反应时和眼动方法,考察不同危险类型下年轻驾驶员过度自信对危险知觉的影响。方法采用3(驾驶员分组:初学者、新手和有经验驾驶员)×2(危险类型:明显危险和隐藏危险)×2(自信分组:正常组和高分组)的混合实验对86名被试进行测试,要求他们看到危险后快速按键做出反应。结果(1)过度自信低分组比高分组的年轻驾驶员对危险的反应时上更快,首次注视时间更短,首个注视点持续时间更长,总注视时间也更长;(2)在隐藏危险中,初学者的反应时显著长于新手和有经验驾驶员;在明显危险中,三组驾驶员的反应时差异不显著;(3)在隐藏危险中,初学者的首次注视时间显著长于新手和有经验驾驶员;明显危险中,三组驾驶员的首次注视时间不存在显著差异。结论过度自信对反应时和眼动的影响随着危险类型的不同而变化。年轻驾驶员对隐藏危险的反应时和视觉注意模式具有明显的驾驶经验优势效应。Objective To investigate the effects of young drivers'overconfidence on visual search patterns of hazard perception under different hazard types.Methods A mixed experiment of 3(driving experience group:beginners,novices and experienced drivers)×2(hazard types:overthazards,coverthazards)×2(overconfidence classification:normal group and high group)was used.In the experiment,86 young drivers were presented with 24 videos of real traffic situations,and the participants were asked to react quickly by pressing buttons after seeing the hazard.Results(1)Young drivers with normal overconfidence group had faster response time to hazard,shorter first fixation time,longer duration of first fixation point and longer total fixation time than those with high overconfidence group;(2)In the covert-hazard condition,the reaction time of beginners is significantly longer than that of novices and experienced drivers;There was no significant difference in response time between the three groups of drivers in overt-hazard condition.(3)In the covert-hazard condition,the first fixation time of beginners is significantly longer than that of novices and experienced drivers;There was no significant difference in the first fixation time among the three groups of drivers in the overt-hazard condition.Conclusion The effects of overconfidence on response time and eye movement vary with the type of hazard.The response time and visual attention pattern of young drivers to coverthazards have obvious driving experience advantage effect.

关 键 词：人因工程 视觉搜索 自信水平 危险知觉 驾驶经验 危险类型 驾驶安全 事故预防 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]