核电厂操纵员心理特征影响行为效能的机制研究  

The Association between Psychological Characteristics and Behavioral Performance among Nuclear Power Plant Operations

作　　者：徐小照 许文喆 沈阳[1] 刘贺东 黄乃曦 潘丹 XU Xiao-zhao;XU Wen-zhe;SHEN Yang;LIU He-dong;HUANG Nai-xi;PAN Dan(Research Institute of Nuclear Power Operation,Wuhan,430223;School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,100083)

机构地区：[1]核动力运行研究所,武汉430223 [2]北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《人类工效学》2024年第5期66-71,共6页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72101024)。

摘　　要：随着核能在全球能源结构中的重要性日益提升,核电站安全运营已成为关注焦点。研究表明,人因失误是核电事故的主要诱因之一。研究旨在探究核电站操纵员的心理特征与其行为效能之间的关系。本研究基于模拟实验数据利用统计学方法分析不同心理特征与行为效能之间存在的相关关系。此外,利用多元回归分析构建预测模型,并引入结构方程模型来分析心理特征影响行为效能的机制。研究揭示了认知能力、人格特征、动机、决策风格及社会技能等心理维度对行为效能的影响机制,其中动机态度在认知能力、人格特征与行为效能之间起到中介作用。本研究为核电站操纵员选拔评估与能力发展提供了理论和实践指导,对提升人员岗位匹配度、预防人因失误具有重要意义。As the importance of nuclear energy in the global energy structure continues to grow,the safe operation of nuclear power plants has become a focal point of attention.Studies indicate that human error is one of the primary causes of nuclear power plant accidents.This study aims to explore the relationship between the psychological characteristics of nuclear power plant operators and their performance effectiveness.Based on simulated experimental data,statistical methods were employed to analyze the correlations between various psychological traits and performance outcomes.Additionally,a predictive model was developed using multiple regression analysis,and structural equation modeling(SEM)was applied to investigate the mechanisms through which psychological characteristics influence performance effectiveness.The findings reveal that cognitive abilities,personality traits,motivation,decision-making styles,and social skills significantly impact performance effectiveness.Furthermore,motivational attitudes mediate the relationships between cognitive abilities,personality traits,and performance outcomes.This research provides theoretical and practical guidance for the selection,assessment,and development of nuclear power plant operators,offering insights into enhancing job-person fit and preventing human error.

关 键 词：人因工程 核电站 心理特征 行为效能 相关性分析 

分 类 号：TB18[一般工业技术]