Review of wastewater treatment technologies,soil and water conservation measures in nuclear power plants,and inspirations to Fukushima accident  

核电厂废水处理技术及水土保持措施的综述兼对福岛事故的建议

作　　者：WANG Chu NIU Jianzhi LUN Xiaoxiu ZHANG Linus BERNDTSSON Ronny 王储;牛健植;伦小秀;ZHANG Linus;BERNDTSSON Ronny(北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083;悉尼大学生命与环境科学学院,澳大利亚悉尼2006;森林资源高效生产国家重点实验室,北京100083;国家林业局水土保持与防沙防治重点实验室,北京100083;北京林业大学教育部林业生态工程工程研究中心,北京100083;北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100083;水资源工程与中东研究中心学部,瑞典隆德SE-22100)

机构地区：[1]School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China [2]School of Life and Environmental Sciences,The University of Sydney,2006,Sydney,Australia [3]State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,100083,Beijing,China [4]Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating,100083,Beijing,China [5]Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China [6]College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China [7]Division of Water Resources Engineering&Center for Middle Eastern Studies,Lund University,SE-22100,Lund,Sweden

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2024年第6期10-28,193-200,共27页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：Xiong′an New Area Science and Technology Innovation Project(2022XACX1000)。

摘　　要：[Background]The previous studies suggest that radioactive elements like Cs and Sr may adversely affect marine ecosystems and the fishing industry.Traditional treatment systems for radioactive wastewater like the Advanced Liquid Processing System(ALPS)and Kurion have faced challenges in limiting concentration and achieving safety criteria.Studies suggest potential long-term impacts on benthic organisms and seafood networks due to radioactive elements like Cs and Sr from the discharged radioactive wastewater,which may hinder post-disaster recovery and provoke economic losses in the fishing industry both domestically and internationally.A series of studies indicate that there are issues of Cs and Sr pollution migration in soil and water conservation in Fukushima.[Methods]To provide feasible solutions,the main article includes five nuclear wastewater treatment technologies,and soil and water conservation measures for different media(water and soil)were evaluated through reviewing the previous fifteen years'articles.To provide feasible solutions,the main articles,the phytoextraction technologies in Cs and Sr treatment within different land use areas were wildly analyzed(Camellia japonica,Arabidopsis halleri and other local species).[Results]1)A 99.9%removal rate for Cs^(+)and 99.5%for Sr^(2+)was achieved by the KFe[Fe(CN)_(6)]and BaSO_(4)co-precipitation method.2)For membrane filtration,Sr^(2+)and Cs^(+)were removed using metal-organic framework(MOF/graphene oxide)and ion exchange techniques using inorganic materials like titanosilicates.The absorption efficiency of membrane filtration for Sr^(2+)and Cs^(+)was at least 92%and 94%,respectively.The study analyzed soil and water conservation technologies in different land uses,river basins and catchments.3)The underground water treatment mainly were completed via the membrance technologies like reverse osmosis and Permeable Reactive Barriers(PRB)technologies.The ^(90) Sr concentration decreased 77%-91%compared to the initial concentration by PRB technology.These diverse 福岛第一核电站事故导致大量辐射释放到海洋中,影响了海洋生态系统和渔业并造成经济损失。传统的放射性废水处理系统,如先进液体处理系统(ALPS系统)和Kurion系统,在限制浓度和达到安全标准方面面临着挑战。森林和农业用地土壤中检测出过量的锶和铯(Sr和Cs)。笔者通过搜索近20年的主要文献来评估5种水污染处理技术、水土保持措施效果(阻止风蚀与水蚀所产生的污染物迁移)。KFe[Fe(CN)_(6)]与BaSO_(4)共沉淀法对放射性Cs^(+)(99.9%)和Sr^(2+)(99.5%)具有较高的去除率,在含铯和锶核废水处理中具有应用前景。对于地下水的水土保持措施主要集中在膜技术例如RO膜。在农田林地等不同土地利用中,植物修复技术被广泛研究例如Arabidopsis halleri。结果表明,水土保持措施在阻控Cs、Sr土壤与水迁移及风蚀中,有效方法为稳定剂如聚电解质络合物,共沉淀法为潜在的储水桶中Sr与Cs污染问题。通过回顾核废水处理和水保措施,为放射性废水处理提供策略,为福岛核泄漏事故产生的核废水处理及放射性核素污染物迁移提供解决方案。

关 键 词：Fukushima nuclear power accident nuclear wastewater treatment environmental strategy soil and water conservation technologies 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]