三江并流区黄登水电站库周消落带适生植物筛选和配置  

Selection and allocation of suitable plants in the water-level-fluctuating zonearound the Huangdeng Hydropower Station in the three parallel rivers area

作　　者：王波 王忠良 李建兴 李坤 陈平平 陈胜利 段青松 WANG Bo;WANG Zhongliang;LI Jianxing;LI Kun;CHEN Pingping;CHEN Shengli;DUAN Qingsong(Power China Kunming Engineering Co.Ltd.,650051,Kunming,China;College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,650201,Kunming,China;Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower inc.650214,Kunming,China;College of water conservancy,Yunnan Agricultural University,650201,Kunming,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司,昆明650051 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [3]华能澜沧江水电有限公司,昆明650214 [4]云南农业大学水利学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2024年第6期86-95,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“三江并流区水库消落带草本植物根系水下固土机理研究”(42167046);中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司科研合作项目“云南澜沧江黄登水电站库周消落带治理试验”(H20200133)。

摘　　要：植被恢复是减少消落带水土流失、保障水库功能正常发挥的有效途径。三江并流区水能资源丰富,但生态环境敏感脆弱,在澜沧江黄登水电站库周消落带开展适生植物筛选和配置研究,可为该水电站库周消落带植被恢复提供依据,也为三江并流区消落带生态修复提供参考。本研究在三江并流区黄登水电站库尾消落带试验区种植2种藻类、14种草本和4种乔木,对它们的适生性进行为期4年的观测;结合水电站典型水文年水位变幅,提出黄登水电站库周消落带生态修复植物配置模式。结果表明:1)狐尾藻、黑藻、苦草、篦齿眼子菜在1605~1610 m高程范围难以存活;狗牙根在1610~1618 m高程范围内能存活;花叶芦竹、风车草、美人蕉、菖蒲、芦苇、狗牙根、香根草7种草本在1618~1620 m高程范围内长势良好,以花叶芦竹的株高、生物量、盖度最大。2)1615~1618 m高程内,竹柳、池杉、枫杨、中山杉的存活率依次为100%、41.67%、36.67%、16.67%,适生性依次为竹柳>池杉>枫杨>中山杉,竹柳明显优于其他3种乔木。3)黄登水电站库周消落带植物配置模式为:1586~1605 m高程区域,不建议种植植物;1605~1615 m高程建议种植狗牙根,1615~1618 m高程建议种植竹柳、桑树和狗牙根,1618~1620 m高程建议种植花叶芦竹、风车草、美人蕉、菖蒲、芦苇、狗牙根、香根草,并将景观效果好的花叶芦竹、风车草、美人蕉配置在最外侧。所选适生植物在黄登水电站库周消落带种植4年后,生长性状良好且有较好的景观效果。该配置模式可在三江并流区消落带推广应用。[Background]Vegetation restoration is an effective way to reduce soil erosion in the water-level-fluctuating zone and ensure the normal function of the reservoir.The Three Parallel Rivers area is rich in hydropower resources,but the ecological environment is sensitive and fragile.The study on the selection and configuration of suitable plants in the water-level-fluctuating zone the reservoir of Huangdeng Hydropower Station on the Lancang River can provide a basis for the vegetation restoration of the water-level-fluctuating zone of the Huangdeng Hydropower Station,and also provide a reference for the ecological restoration of thewater-level-fluctuating zone in the three parallel rivers area.[Methods]Taking 2 species of algae,14 herbaceous species and 4 species of trees as the research objects,the experimental area was arranged in the subsidence zone of Huangdeng Hydropower Station and observed for 4 years.[Results]1)Myriophyllum verticillatum,Hydrilla verticillata,Vallisneria natans and Stuckenia pectinata were difficult to survive in the elevation range of 1605-1610 m,Cynodon dactylon could survive in the elevation range of 1610-1618 m,and seven herbs of Arundo donax‘Versicolor’,Cyperus involucratus,Canna indica,Acorus calamus,Phragmites australis,C.dactylon and Chrysopogon zizanioides grew well in the elevation range of 1618-1620 m,and the plant height,biomass and coverage of A.donax‘Versicolor’were the largest.2)At the elevation of 1615-1618 m,the survival rates of Salix hybrid,Taxodium distichum var.imbricarium,Pterocarya stenoptera and Taxodium‘Zhongshanshan’were 100%,41.67%,36.67%and 16.67%,respectively,and the adaptability was S.hybrid>T.distichum var.imbricarium>P.stenoptera>T.‘Zhongshanshan’,and S.hybrid is significantly better than the other three trees.3)The plant configuration mode of the subsidence zone of Huangdeng Hydropower Station is as follows:1586-1605 m elevation area,it is not recommended to plant plants,1605-1615 m elevation is recommended to plant C.dactylon,1615-1618 m elev

关 键 词：三江并流区 水电站 消落带 植物 配置 

分 类 号：S157.43[农业科学—土壤学]