基于遥感分析的闽江下游河道演变特征及成因分析  

Characteristics and causes analysis of channel evolution in the lower Minjiang River based on remote sensing analy

作　　者：何立滢 周聂 盛晟 胡朝阳[2] 陈华[1] 许崇育[3] HE Liying;ZHOU Nie;SHENG Sheng;HU Zhaoyang;CHEN Hua;XU Chongyu(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Fujian Provincial Investigation,Design&Research Institute of Water Conservancy&Hydropower,Fuzhou 350001,China;Department of Geosciences,University of Oslo,Oslo N-0316,Norway)

机构地区：[1]水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室(武汉大学),湖北武汉430072 [2]福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院,福建福州350001 [3]奥斯陆大学地球科学系,挪威奥斯陆N-0316

出　　处：《水利水运工程学报》2024年第6期54-64,共11页Hydro-Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3002701)。

摘　　要：河流形态演变与区域社会经济发展和生态环境密切相关。以闽江下游为研究对象,采用神经网络算法解译1990—2021年遥感图像中的河道信息,分析水体、沙洲及边滩面积变化和河道摆动情况,探究河道形态演变特征与成因。结果表明:构建的神经网络算法可用于遥感水体提取,水体提取平均准确率达95%,平均查全率达90%。近30年闽江下游沙洲和边滩面积总体减少,其中1990—2000年河道以展宽为主,2000—2011年河道以收缩为主,而后河道形态较为稳定。闽清闽侯段洲滩减少,河道拓宽;北港段洲滩被占用,河道收缩;南港段边滩面积减少,河道展宽;马尾段河道形态相对稳定。闽江下游河道形态受水库运行、采砂活动、地质因素、工程建设和潮流作用等多因素影响。研究结果可为类似河流演变研究和规划保护提供借鉴。The morphological evolution of rivers is closely related to regional socio-economic development and ecological environment.Taking the lower Minjiang River as the research object,this study employed neural network algorithms to interpret river information from remote sensing images from 1990 to 2021.Changes in water body,sandbars,and floodplain areas,as well as channel meandering,were analyzed to explore the characteristics and causes of river channel evolution.The results indicate that the constructed neural network algorithm is effective for remote sensing water body extraction,with an average accuracy of 95%and average recall rate of 90%.Over the past 30 years,sandbars and floodplain areas in the lower Minjiang River have generally decreased.The river channel widened from 1990 to 2000,contracted from 2000 to 2011,and has since stabilized.Decreases in sandbars in the Minqing-Minhou sections resulted in river channel widening,while occupation of sandbars in the Beigang section led to channel contraction.Reductions in floodplain areas in the Nangang section corresponded to channel widening,while the Maowei section exhibited relatively stable channel morphology.Factors influencing the morphology of the lower Minjiang River include reservoir operation,sand mining activities,geological factors,engineering construction,and tidal effects.This study can provide a reference for similar studies on river evolution and for planning and conservation efforts,morphology evolution and protection of other tidal rivers.

关 键 词：遥感解译 河道形态 感潮河段 闽江下游 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]