融合鱼类生境及航运的河流多目标生态流量研究  

Study on multi-objective ecological flow integrating fish habitat and navigation in rivers

作　　者：仕玉治[1,2] 钱秀红 江伟伟 黎明扬 李新宇 邱庆泰 黄继文 刁艳芳[5] SHI Yuzhi;QIAN Xiuhong;JIANG Weiwei;LI Mingyang;LI Xinyu;QIU Qingtai;HUANG Jiwen;DIAO Yanfang(Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province,Jinan 250013,China;Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Shandong Province,Jinan 250013,China;Shandong Water Conservancy Management and Service Center of Haihe-Huaihe-Xiaoqing River Basin,Jinan 250100,China;Zibo Hydrological Center,Zibo 255000,China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省水利科学研究院,山东济南250013 [2]山东省水资源与水环境重点实验室,山东济南250013 [3]山东省海河淮河小清河流域水利管理服务中心,山东济南250100 [4]淄博市水文中心,山东淄博255000 [5]山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水利水运工程学报》2024年第6期75-85,共11页Hydro-Science and Engineering

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2023CXGC010905);山东省水利科学研究院立院科研计划项目(SDSKYZX202121-3);山东省流域水利管理服务中心重点水利工程研究与试验项目(XQHFHZL-KY202004);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021ME058)。

摘　　要：维持河流生态流量是保障水生态系统健康的基本要求,鱼类是水生态系统生物群落中的顶级物种。基于水生态调查,以生境模拟法为基础探究山东省小清河干流的生态流量。利用相对重要性指数选取不同季节的鱼类指示物种,结合生境调查和相关文献绘制鱼类生境适宜性曲线,利用生境模拟法求解黄台桥、岔河和石村水文站3个生态流量控制断面满足鱼类生境适宜性要求的生态流量;通过计算生态流量保证率对水文学方法和生境模拟法计算的生态流量进行比选,并结合小清河航运要求,确定小清河干流满足鱼类生境适宜性、水文节律性和航运要求的多目标生态流量。通过与3个控制断面长系列实测月平均流量比较求得多目标生态流量年平均保证率分别为98.21%、83.77%和80.13%,而岔河水文站6月份、石村水文站4、5月份保证率明显低于平均水平,需予以重点关注。Maintaining river ecological flow is a fundamental requirement for ensuring the health of aquatic ecosystems,with fish being the apex species within these ecosystems.Based on ecological surveys,this study explores the ecological flow of the main channel of the Xiaoqing River in Shandong Province using a habitat simulation method.First,relative importance indices were used to select fish indicator species for different seasons.Habitat suitability curves for fish species were then drawn based on habitat surveys and relevant literature.The habitat simulation method was employed to determine the ecological flows required to meet the habitat suitability needs at three ecological flow control sections:Huangtai Bridge,Chahe,and Shicun hydrological stations.Subsequently,by calculating ecological flow guarantee rates,a comparison was made between the ecological flows obtained through hydrological methods and the habitat simulation method.In combination with navigation requirements of the Xiaoqing River,a multi-objective ecological flow was determined,balancing fish habitat suitability,hydrological rhythm,and navigation needs.A comparison with long-term observed monthly average flows at the three control sections yielded annual average guarantee rates of 98.21%,83.77%,and 80.13%.However,the guarantee rates for June at the Chahe station and for April and May at the Shicun station were significantly below average,warranting special attention.

关 键 词：小清河 生态流量 生境模拟法 水文学方法 航运 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]