介质微球超分辨光学成像:原理、技术与应用  

Microsphere Super-resolution Optical Imaging:Principles,Techniques,and Applications

作　　者：李红梅[1] 闫胤洲[2] 蒋毅坚[2] LI Hongmei;YAN Yinzhou;JIANG Yijian(College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学机械与能源工程学院,北京100124 [2]北京工业大学物理与光电工程学院,北京100124

出　　处：《北京工业大学学报》2025年第1期100-120,共21页Journal of Beijing University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(12374339);北京市教育委员会科技计划资助项目(KZ202110005002);北京市科技新星计划资助项目(20230484468)。

摘　　要：光学显微技术在生物学、医学、材料学、精密测量学等领域扮演着至关重要的角色,为微纳尺度的探索提供了强大的工具。然而,传统光学显微系统受到衍射极限的制约,最大分辨率极限约为光波长的一半(λ/2)。近年来,突破衍射极限、实现更高成像分辨率成为显微成像领域的研究热点。介质微球透镜通过调控光场,能够将入射光束聚焦于微球底部的极窄区域形成光子纳米射流,打破了阿贝(Abbe)衍射极限,使出射光束半峰全宽小于λ/2。与其他超分辨成像技术相比,微球超分辨成像具有简单直接、无须荧光染料标记、实时成像、可与现有显微系统相兼容等优势,为学术研究和实际应用开辟了新的机遇。该综述首先介绍了介质微球超分辨光学成像原理;随后,详细分析了影响微球超分辨光学成像能力的关键因素,包括微球光学性质、适用环境以及可控性等;最后,探讨了微球超分辨光学成像技术在生物医学、半导体器件、纳米材料科学领域中的应用。此外,还展望了微球超分辨光学成像技术未来发展面临的主要挑战。Optical microscopy plays a key role in the fields such as biology,medicine,materials science,and precision measurement,providing a powerful tool for exploration in microscales.However,traditional optical microscopy systems are constrained by the diffraction limit,with a maximum resolution of approximately half of wavelength(λ/2).In recent years,super-resolution imaging beyond the diffraction limit has attracted attention in the field of microscopy.Dielectric microsphere lenses have demonstrated the capability to focus the incident light in a narrow region breaking Abbe's diffraction limit with the full width at half maximum of focal spot smaller than λ/2.Microsphere super-resolution imaging demonstrates the advantages prior to other alternative techniques,including the easy-to-use,free of fluorescence labels,real-time imaging,and compatibility with established microscopy systems.It opens up new opportunities in academic research and practical applications.In this review,the principle of microsphere super-resolution imaging was introduced.Subsequently,the key parameters that affect imaging capability were analyzed in details,including microsphere optical properties,environmental suitability,and controllability.Finally,the applications of microsphere super-resolution imaging in biomedicine,semiconductors,and nanomaterials were explored.Furthermore,the major challenges to development of microsphere super-resolution imagining were prospected.

关 键 词：介质微球透镜 超分辨成像 光学纳米成像 远场纳米显微镜 光子纳米射流 非荧光纳米显微镜 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]