露天矿富水裂隙岩体台阶爆破的殉爆机理和防殉爆研究  

On mechanism and prevention of sympathetic detonation of bench blasting in water-rich fissure open-pit mine

作　　者：费鸿禄 王天恒 荆广杰 FEI Honglu;WANG Tianheng;JING Guangjie(Institute of Blasting Technology,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学爆破技术研究院,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2025年第1期166-182,共17页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(青年项目)基金(JYTQN2023206)。

摘　　要：殉爆现象会影响露天矿台阶爆破作业安全、边坡稳定性和爆破效果。在炸药冲击起爆机理基础上,并结合露天矿实际富水裂隙岩体台阶爆破振动监测结果,通过对比爆破振动信号波动差异来判别殉爆现象。为研究殉爆产生的机理和防殉爆方法,采用数值模拟和现场试验分析主发药量、裂隙宽度及药包之间的距离等参数对被发药包孔壁压力的影响。结果表明:孔壁冲击压力随着装药耦合系数的减小、炮孔间裂隙宽度(0.25~1.00 cm)的增大以及炮孔间距离的减小而提高。在裂隙位置装药使用阻波管、充填岩粉或设置空气间隔器,能显著降低通过富水裂隙传递到被发炮孔的冲击压力,并使其低于乳化炸药的起爆压力临界值。当炮孔内只有单条裂隙时,选择填充岩粉是便捷且有效防殉爆方法;当炮孔内有多条裂隙时,该试验条件下,炮孔内放置厚度为2.6 mm的阻波管是最佳防殉爆方法,并能保证爆破效果。Sympathetic detonation is defined as the phenomenon where the detonation pressure in one borehole causes explosives in another adjacent borehole to be detonated through an inert medium.It can increase the stress wave and the value of peak particle velocity,even causing fly rock to be thrown far away.These effects can impact the safety of blasting operation,slope stability,and blasting effects.Sympathetic detonation was identified by comparing the fluctuation difference of recorded blast-induced vibration signals.To investigate the mechanism of sympathetic detonation and methods of preventing sympathetic detonation in water-rich fissure open-pit mines,numerical simulation and field tests were adopted to analyze the effects of parameters on the occurrence of sympathetic detonation,such as the quantity of donor charge,crack width,and distance between charges.These results indicated that the borehole pressure increased with the decrease in decoupled charge coefficient,the increase of the crack width between boreholes(0.25-1.00 cm),and the decrease in the distance between boreholes.By using a wave-blocking tube,filling rock power,or setting up an air gap,the impact pressure produced by the donor charge was transmitted to the acceptor charge through the water-rich cracks.These methods made impact pressure lower than the critical detonation pressure of the emulsion explosive,which could prevent the sympathetic detonation of the accepted charge.Based on the field tests and simulated results,rock power filling was the best method of preventing sympathetic detonation when there was a single crack between the boreholes.Meanwhile,using a wave-blocking tube with a thickness of 2.6 mm was the best method of preventing sympathetic detonation when there were multiple cracks between the boreholes.Above all,the proposed detection method and obtained technologies provide the theory and guidance for preventing sympathetic detonation,which leads to improved blasting effects and the safety of blasting operations.

关 键 词：殉爆 台阶爆破 富水裂隙岩体 临界压力 

分 类 号：O383[理学—流体力学]