简牍所见秦及西汉初期的未成年“户人”研究  

A Study of Underage“Household Members”in the Qin and Early Western Han Periods as Reflected in Bamboo and Wooden Slips

作　　者：文霞[1] WEN Xia(School of History and Social Development,Guangdong University of Education,Guangzhou Guangdong 510303,China)

机构地区：[1]广东第二师范学院历史与社会发展学院,广东广州510303

出　　处：《南都学坛》2025年第1期13-20,共8页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“秦汉简牍所见家庭养老问题研究”(项目编号:21YJA770010);广东省哲学社会科学规划岭南文化项目“秦汉简牍所见岭南地区的移民问题研究”(项目编号:GD24LN16);广东第二师范学院科研创新团队“岭南地区移民和社会治理研究团队”(项目编号:2024KYCXTD005)。

摘　　要：秦及西汉初期的简牍中出现了一些未成年“户人”,他们均为男性。未成年人成为“户人”的主要影响因素包括性别、尊卑及家庭规模等,年龄不是重要考量因素。未成年男性或担任“户人”,或提前服役,过于繁重的赋役迫使未成年男性作为劳动力的价值得到提升。未成年人“户人”被提前成人化,既体现了国家在行政管理上对个人身份信息的漠视,也说明了皇帝和官僚集团极尽可能压榨人民的剩余劳动。Bamboo and wooden slips from the Qin and early Western Han periods reveal the existence of underage“household members”(户人),all of whom were male.Key factors influencing their designation as“household members”included gender,social status,and family size,while age was not a significant consideration.Underage males,either serving as“household members”or performing military service prematurely,were increasingly utilized as labor due to the excessive burden of taxes and corvée labor.The early adulthood of underage household members not only reflects the state’s disregard for personal identity information in administrative management,but also underscores the imperial and bureaucratic system’s relentless exploitation of surplus labor from the populace.

关 键 词：简牍 未成年人 户人 女户 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学] C91[历史地理—中国史]