航空发动机应用领域粉末高温合金的研究进展  

Research progress of powder metallurgy superalloy in aero engine applications

作　　者：史振宇 刘晓文 宋来聪 李永 段宁民 王继来 张成鹏 SHI Zhenyu;LIU Xiaowen;SONG Laicong;LI Yong;DUAN Ningmin;WANG Jilai;ZHANG Chengpeng(School of Mechanical Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学机械工程学院,省部共建电工设备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室,天津300130 [2]山东大学机械工程学院,高效洁净机械制造教育部重点实验室,山东济南250061

出　　处：《中国粉体技术》2025年第1期46-60,共15页China Powder Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目,编号:2022YFB3401900;国家自然科学基金项目,编号:U21A20134;山东省自然科学基金项目,编号:ZR2022YQ48。

摘　　要：【目的】总结粉末高温合金的材料设计和制备工艺等方面的研究进展,为研究延长航空发动机涡轮盘等关键部件的使用寿命打下基础。【研究现状】针对近年来国内外航空发动机涡轮盘等关键部件主要材料的粉末高温合金,综述多种类型的粉末高温合金的元素组成及制备工艺,概括碳、钽、铪、硼、锆、钴、钛、稀土元素等微量元素对粉末高温合金性能的影响,总结热等静压、热挤压、粉末注射成型、增材制造等制备工艺对粉末高温合金性能的影响。【结论与展望】在材料设计方面,应优化粉末高温合金元素组成,探索添加更多高性能元素,制备更耐高温、耐氧化、力学性能优异、服役寿命长的粉末高温合金;在制备工艺方面,优化热等静压及热挤压工艺参数,继续探索完善粉末注射成型、增材制造工艺。Significance To enhance the service life of critical components such as turbine disks in aero engines,this paper summarizes and analyzes the research progress on material design and preparation techniques for powder metallurgy superalloys.The effects of trace elements,including carbon(C),tantalum(Ta),hafnium(Hf),boron(B),zirconium(Zr),cobalt(Co),titanium(Ti),and rare earth elements,as well as their dosages,on the properties of powder metallurgy superalloys are reviewed.Furthermore,the impact of preparation techniques,such as hot isostatic pressing(HIP),hot extrusion,powder injection molding(PIM),and additive manufacturing(AM),along with their process parameters,on the properties of powder metallurgy superalloys is summarized.Progress The addition of trace elements such as C,Ta,Hf,B,Zr,Co,Ti,and rare earth elements can significantly impact the microstructure,mechanical strength,friction and wear resistance,and service life of powder metallurgy superalloys.The content of these trace elements is also a crucial factor.For instance,an appropriate amount of C can facilitate the formation of carbides,reduce grain size,and thereby enhance the microstructure and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy superalloys.However,excessive C can lead to the formation of numerous and large-sized carbides,which can deteriorate the interface bonding,making it prone to microcracks and ultimately reducing the alloy’s performance.Similarly,a moderate amount of Ta can improve the thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance of powder metallurgy superalloys,while an appropriate level of Hf can enhance mechanical properties by influencing the phase transformation behavior.B improves the high-temperature durability of the alloy by segregating at grain boundaries and forming borides.Zr,by segregating at grain boundaries and promoting carbide stability,reduces defects and enhances the thermal strength of the alloy.The introduction of Co and Ti enhances the mechanical properties of powder metallurgy superalloys.Furthermore,a suitable amo

关 键 词：粉末高温合金 微量元素 热等静压 热挤压 

分 类 号：TG1[金属学及工艺—金属学] TB44[一般工业技术]