碳纳米管粉体的液相分散方法和机制  

Methods and mechanisms of solution dispersion of carbon nanotube powders

作　　者：王延青 高彩琴 张朝阳[3,4] 倪宇翔 黄鑫 WANG Yanqing;GAO Caiqin;ZHANG Chaoyang;NI Yuxiang;HUANG Xin(College of Polymer Science and Engineering,Chengdu 610065,China;State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Institute of Chemical Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621999,China;Beijing Computational Science Research Center,Beijing 100048,China;School of Physical Science and Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China.)

机构地区：[1]四川大学高分子科学与工程学院,四川成都610065 [2]四川大学高分子材料工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610065 [3]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,四川绵阳621999 [4]北京计算科学研究中心,北京100048 [5]西南交通大学物理科学与技术学院,四川成都611756

出　　处：《中国粉体技术》2025年第1期170-182,共13页China Powder Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目,编号:U2330208。

摘　　要：【目的】梳理碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)液相分散方法和机制,提升CNTs分散性能。【研究现状】综述碳纳米管的分散方法、制备方法和分散检测方法;共价改性方法主要是功能化CNTs,在CNTs侧壁引入含氧、氮、酰氯等基团;非共价修饰方法包括表面官能化的共价修饰和添加表面活性剂等;物理分散方法包括高速搅拌、超声处理和球磨等;碳纳米管的制备方法主要包括电弧放电、激光烧蚀、化学气相沉积、水热合成法等;检测分散性的常用方法有光学方法、电子显微镜方法、定量分析方法等。【结论与展望】提出现在研究已经开发和优化多种物理、化学和机械分散技术,但是CNTs管束仍面临分散效率低和分散稳定性差的问题;认为未来的研究方向应聚焦于开发新型环保高效的分散剂,优化现有分散技术,深入探索CNTs的分散机制,利用分散性良好的CNTs开发多功能复合材料;同时建立标准化的分散度测试方法。Objective To maximize the performance potential of carbon nanotubes(CNTs),it is crucial to overcome the inherent tendency of CNTs to form aggregates and achieve effective dispersion within various matrices.Progress This paper reviews the methods,mechanisms,and evaluation techniques related to the dispersion of CNTs.Physical dispersion methods typically involve ultrasonication,high-shear mixing,and ball milling,using mechanical forces to break up CNT aggregates.Ultrasonication,for instance,uses high-frequency sound waves to generate cavitation bubbles in a liquid medium.The collapse of the bubbles produces intense localized forces capable of disentangling CNT bundles.High-shear mixing and ball milling similarly apply mechanical forces to achieve dispersion,but differ in their effectiveness and potential damages to the CNT structure.Chemical dispersion methods generally rely on CNT functionalization to enhance their solubility and compatibility with different solvents and matrices.This can be achieved through covalent functionalization,where chemical groups are directly attached to the CNT surface,or non-covalent functionalization,which involves the adsorption of surfactants,polymers,or biomolecules onto the CNT surface.Covalent functionalization,while effective in improving dispersion,may also alter the intrinsic properties of CNTs.Non-covalent functionalization,in contrast,preserves the CNT structure but may offer less stable dispersion depending on the interactions involved.Evaluating CNT dispersion involves various characterization techniques,including electron microscopy(TEM,SEM),spectroscopy(Raman,UV-Vis),and scattering methods(DLS,SAXS).Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)provide direct visualization of CNT dispersion at the nanoscale.Spectroscopic methods such as Raman and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectroscopy offer insights into the structural integrity and functionalization status of CNTs.Dynamic light scattering(DLS)and small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)are used to

关 键 词：碳纳米管 分散机制 共价改性 表面官能化 

分 类 号：TB44[一般工业技术] TQ324.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]