桥梁防火用纤维/气凝胶复合材料制备及抗火性能研究  

Fabrication and Fire Resistance Performance of Fiber/aerogel Composites for Bridge Fireproof Applications

作　　者：孟庆坤[1] 贾帅德 康大伟 倪雅[2] 康壮苏[2] 隋艳伟[1] 委福祥[1] 肖彬 闵亮 张太科 戚继球[1] MENG Qingkun;JIA Shuaide;KANG Dawei;NI Ya;KANG Zhuangsu;SUI Yanwei;WEI Fuxiang;XIAO Bin;MIN Liang;ZHANG Taike;QI Jiqiu(School of Materials Science and Physics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu CUMT Dazheng Surface Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xuzhou 221000,Jiangsu,China;Guangdong Bay Area Communications Construction and Investment Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 511462,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学材料与物理学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]江苏中矿大正表面工程技术有限公司,江苏徐州221000 [3]广东湾区交通建设投资有限公司,广东广州511462

出　　处：《陶瓷学报》2024年第6期1145-1153,共9页Journal of Ceramics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52171091);徐州市科技成果转化项目(KC22441);徐州市重点研发计划(KC22418)。

摘　　要：针对桥梁缆索防火需求,以玄武岩纤维、玄武岩—高硅氧复合纤维和高硅氧纤维为基体,制备出SiO_(2)气凝胶复合材料。探索复合材料保护下的缆索模型在烃类火中的温度响应特征,研究复合材料在燃烧试验前后的微观形貌、相组成、力学性能和热导率的演化。所制备复合材料的气凝胶均匀填充在纤维骨架中,纤维气凝胶结合良好。玄武岩纤维在高温火焰中发生晶化和软化,导致纤维骨架坍塌和气凝胶破碎,缺乏纤维支撑的气凝胶在高温下孔隙坍塌且颗粒长大。因此,玄武岩纤维增强的复合材料在高温火焰暴露后力学和隔热性能大幅衰退。高硅氧纤维/气凝胶复合材料的纤维与气凝胶产生协同隔热效应,气凝胶可以保护纤维不发生晶化,而纤维完整骨架可以降低SiO_(2)气凝胶的热辐射作用,使气凝胶孔隙和颗粒尺寸在高温火焰中保持稳定。良好的结构稳定性赋予高硅氧纤维/气凝胶复合材料优异的高温稳定性,其燃烧前后的抗拉强度和热导率分别为0.736 MPa和0.0205 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),0.560 MPa和0.0229 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)。采用10mm厚的高硅氧纤维/气凝胶复合材料对缆索模型进行防火保护,在1100℃的烃类火中燃烧120min后,缆索模型表面仅有259℃,该气凝胶复合材料呈现出优异的抗火隔热性能,有望应用于桥梁防火领域。In order to meet the fire protection requirements of bridge cables,SiO_(2) aerogel composites were prepared using basalt fiber,basalt-high silica fiber composite and high silica fiber as the matrix.The temperature response characteristics of the cable model under the protection of the composites in hydrocarbon fire were explored.Furthermore,the evolution of the microscopic morphology,phase composition,mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the composites before and after the fire test was studied.The aerogel was evenly filled within the fiber skeleton in the as-prepared composites,and the fiber was well combined with the aerogel.Basalt fibers crystallized and softened in high-temperature flames,resulting in the collapse of the fiber skeleton and the fragmentation of aerogels,and the porous structure of the aerogel lacking fiber support collapsed and particles grew at high temperatures.As a result,the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of basalt fiber-reinforced composite deteriorated significantly after exposure to high-temperature flames.A synergistic thermal insulation effect was achieved between the fiber and aerogel in the high-silica fiber/aerogel composite.The aerogel can protect the fiber from crystallization,and the integrity of the fiber skeleton can reduce the thermal radiation of the SiO_(2) aerogel,so that the pores and particle size of the aerogel can remain stable in the high-temperature flame.The tensile strength and thermal conductivity before and after combustion are 0.736 MPa and0.0205 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),0.560 MPa and 0.0229 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),respectively.The 10 mm thick high silica fiber/aerogel composite was used to protect the cable model,and after burning in a hydrocarbon fire at 1100℃for 120 min,the surface of the cable model was only 259℃.The high-silica fiber/aerogel composite exhibits excellent fire resistance and thermal insulation properties,making it promising for application in the field of bridge fire protection.

关 键 词：桥梁防火 气凝胶复合材料 纤维 烃类火 隔热性能 

分 类 号：TQ174.75[化学工程—陶瓷工业]