老年骨质疏松症患者身体活动水平及影响因素的路径分析  

The pathway analysis of physical activity level and influencing factors on elderly patients with osteoporosis

作　　者：屈小伶 李媛媛 胡洁琼 王璄[1] 王丽娜 刘霞[1] 张会娟 赖宇洁 赵真[1] QU Xiaoling;LI Yuanyuan;HU Jieqiong;WANG Jing;WANG Li'na;LIU Xia;ZHANG Huijuan;LAI Yujie;ZHAO Zhen(Department of Medical Insurance,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院医保内科,北京市100050

出　　处：《护理管理杂志》2024年第11期931-935,957,共6页Journal of Nursing Administration

基　　金：中央保健科研课题(2022YB62)。

摘　　要：目的 探究影响老年骨质疏松症患者身体活动水平的影响因素及作用路径,为制订针对性的身体活动干预策略提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2022年1月至2023年4月选取北京市某三级甲等医院收治的434例老年骨质疏松症患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、老年人身体活动量表、锻炼益处及障碍量表、锻炼自我效能量表、锻炼计划量表进行调查,采用结构方程模型分析身体活动的影响因素及作用路径。结果 老年骨质疏松症患者的身体活动得分为75.00(44.00,112.00)分,其中男性身体活动不达标者占74.73%,女性身体活动不达标者占84.26%;锻炼益处、锻炼自我效能以及锻炼计划对身体活动有直接正向作用,效应值分别为0.214、0.256、0.280,锻炼益处及锻炼障碍可通过锻炼自我效能以及锻炼计划对身体活动产生间接作用,效应值分别为0.217、-0.148,锻炼自我效能通过锻炼计划对身体活动产生间接作用,效应值为0.127,占总效应的33.16%。结论 老年骨质疏松症患者身体活动达标率较低,临床医护人员应帮助患者制订个性化的运动治疗方案提高患者锻炼益处感知及身体活动。Objective To explore the influencing factors and pathways of physical activity on elderly patients with osteoporosis,and to provide reference for formulating targeted physical activity intervention strategies.Methods By convenience sampling method,434 elderly patients with osteoporosis of a Grade 3 A hospital in Beijing from January 2022 to April 2023 were selected as the research objects.General data questionnaire,Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly,Exercise Benefits Barriers Scale,exercise self-efficacy scale and exercise plan scale were used to investigate.Structural equation model was used to analyze the influencing factors and action paths of physical activity.Results The physical activity scores of elderly patients with osteoporosis were 75.00(44.00,112.00)points,among which 74.73%of men and 84.26%of women which did not meet the physical activity standards.The effect values of the perception of exercise benefits,exercise self-efficacy and exercise plan which had directly positive effects on physical activity were 0.214,0.256 and 0.280,respectively,the effect values of the perception of exercise benefits and the perception of exercise obstacles that indirect effects on physical activity through exercise self-efficacy and exercise plan were 0.217,-0.148,respectively.The indirect effect of exercise self-efficacy on physical activity through exercise plan was 0.127,accounting for 33.16%of the total effect.Conclusion Elderly patients with osteoporosis have a low rate of physical activity compliance,and clinical staff should help patients develop personalized exercise treatment plans to improve the perception of exercise benefits and physical activity.

关 键 词：骨质疏松症 老年患者 身体活动 锻炼益处及障碍 锻炼自我效能 锻炼计划 护理管理 

分 类 号：R473[医药卫生—护理学]