2022年汤加火山喷发引起的云南地表气压变化及深井水位响应研究  

Response Study of Surface Pressure Change and Deep Well Water Level in Yunnan Caused by Tonga Volcanic Eruption in 2022

作　　者：曹白伦 洪敏[1] 段勇 匡福江[1] 陈建坤 CAO Bailun;HONG Min;DUAN Yong;KUANG Fujiang;CHEN Jiankun(Yunnan Earthquake Agency,146 Beichen Road,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地震局,昆明市650224

出　　处：《大地测量与地球动力学》2025年第1期97-103,共7页Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics

基　　金：云南省地震局传帮带项目(CQ2-2023-07);中国地震局“三结合”课题(3JH-202401083)。

摘　　要：2022-01-1512:26:30汤加火山剧烈喷发。云南地球物理台网气压观测站清晰记录到此次火山喷发引起的强烈气压变化过程,各观测站气压变化形态、特征高度一致,峰值振幅均值为2.16 hPa,平均传播速度约为314.30 m/s,波列具备兰姆波传播属性,气压观测数据可靠。云南深井水位观测清晰记录了本次短时气压变化引起的水位变化,以峰值水位变化与气压变化幅值比估算观测井静态气压效率,对短时气压变化与井水位数据进行回归分析,以确定系数、回归线斜率、静态气压效率为指标,进而分析井孔含水系统的渗透性和应力应变敏感程度。研究结果显示,昆明台观测井等25口井水位、气压观测数据拟合优度高、滞后时间短,含水层渗透性良好,其中昆明台、大关谢家沟、腾冲台、鲁甸茨院、南华、石屏、昭通SK3等7口井气压效率偏大,井水位对应力应变的敏感程度可能偏低;确定系数越大的观测井监测预报效能评估分级合格概率越大。Tonga volcano violently erupted at 12:26:30 on January 15,2022.The atmospheric pressure observation station of Yunnan Geophysical Network clearly recorded the intense pressure change process caused by the eruption.The atmospheric pressure change forms and characteristics of all observation stations were highly consistent,with the average peak amplitude of 2.16 hPa and the average propagation velocity of 314.30 m/s.The wave train has the properties of Lamb wave propagation,and the atmospheric pressure observation data are basically reliable.The water level observation in Yunnan deep well clearly recorded the water level change caused by the short-time pressure change.The static pressure efficiency of the observation well was estimated by the ratio of peak water level change to the amplitude of pressure change.We analyze by regression the short-time pressure change and well water level data,and take the determination coefficient,regression line slope and static pressure efficiency as indicators.Then we analyze the bearing property and stress-strain sensitivity of the borehole water-bearing system.The results show that the water level and pressure observation data of 25 wells,such as Kunming station,have high goodness of fit,small lag time,and good permeability of aquifer.The atmospheric pressure efficiency of 7 wells in Kunming station,Daguanxijiagou,Tengchong station,Ludianciyuan,Nanhua,Shiping and Zhaotong SK3 is slightly higher,and the sensitivity of well water level to stress and strain may be low.The larger the coefficient of determination for an observation well,the higher the probability that its monitoring and forecasting performance will be assessed as qualified.

关 键 词：汤加火山 大气波 井水位 气压效率 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]