社区居家养老模式下老年人能力评估及其影响因素分析  

Assessment of ability of elderly under model of community-based home care and analysis of its influencing factors

作　　者：吴娇健 张猛 卫香楠 蒋红 高丽[1] 王文星[2,4] WU Jiaojian;ZHANG Meng;WEI Xiangnan;JIANG Hong;GAO Li;WANG Wenxing(Tai′an Central Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University,Shandong Taian 271000;School of Public Healthof Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830000,China;The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical Universityof Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830000,China;The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学附属泰安市中心医院,山东泰安271000 [2]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆医科大学第二附属医院,乌鲁木齐830000 [4]新疆医科大学第六附属医院,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆医科大学学报》2024年第12期1665-1669,共5页Journal of Xinjiang Medical University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区社会科学基金项目(2023BRK069);新疆医科大学医学研究中心重点研究项目(YXYJ20230104)。

摘　　要：目的探讨社区居家养老模式下老年人能力现状及其影响因素,为降低老年人能力受损提供参考。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样,于2023年抽取某地区2610名常驻老年人口进行问卷调查。结果在受调查的2471名老年人中,能力受损率为97.61%,其中能力完好59人(2.39%),以轻度失能为主,有2084人(84.34%),中度失能167人(6.76%),重度失能48人(1.94%),完全失能113人(4.57%)。多因素分析结果显示,不同性别、年龄、文化程度、是否独居、有无配偶、医疗付费方式、经济来源和慢性病患病情况的社区居家老年人能力对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄较大、独居、患慢性病数量较多的老年人能力受损更严重。结论本次调查的老年人能力受损率较高,年龄、居住状态,患慢性病数量是影响老年人能力的危险因素。政府、社会、家庭与个人应共同参与,在减缓老年人能力下降速度的同时提高老年人生活质量。ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of ability of the elderly in community-based home care mode and its influencing factors,and to provide reference for reducing the elderly′s ability impairment.MethodsA multi-stage cluster random sampling was conducted in 2023 to select 2610 long-term elderly residents for questionnaire survey.ResultsOf the 2471 elderly people surveyed,the rate of impaired ability was 97.61%,including 59 people(2.39%)with complete ability,2084 people(84.34%)with mild disability,167 people(6.76%)with moderate disability,48 people(1.94%)with severe disability,and 113 people(4.57%)with complete disability.The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in ability between community-based home care elderly people of different genders,ages,educational levels,living alone,marital status,payment methods for medical expenses,sources of income and chronic disease conditions(P<0.05).The elderly with higher age,living alone and more chronic diseases had more serious impairment of ability.ConclusionThe rate of impaired ability of the elderly surveyed was high.Age,living status and the number of chronic diseases were the risk factors affecting the elderly′s ability.The government,society,families and individuals should work together to slow down the elderly′s decline in ability while improving their quality of life.

关 键 词：老年人 能力 影响因素 社区居家 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]