基于代谢组学研究宣汉黄牛、西杂牛和犏牛的代谢差异  

Study on Metabolic Differences of Xuanhan Yellow Cattle,Simmental Crossbred Cattle and Cattle-Yak Based on Metabolomics

作　　者：廖宇鹏 胡瑞[1] 蒲启建 彭全辉[1] 邹华围[1] 张翔飞[1] 邵亚群[1] 曾少玉 王泳杰 裴朝曦 唐毅平 王之盛[1] LIAO Yupeng;HU Rui;PU Qijian;PENG Quanhui;ZOU Huawei;ZHANG Xiangfei;SHAO Yaqun;ZENG Shaoyu;WANG Yongjie;PEI Zhaoxi;TANG Yiping;WANG Zhisheng(Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safe Production,Institute of Animal Nutrition,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,四川省牛低碳养殖与安全生产高校重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第12期7840-7853,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“牛羊节本增效的精细化饲养关键技术研发”(2017YFD0502005);国家现代农业(肉牛/牦牛)产业技术体系(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究宣汉黄牛、西杂牛和犏牛的代谢差异。选用年龄一致(22月龄)、体况相近、健康无病的宣汉黄牛、西杂牛(西门塔尔牛×宣汉黄牛)、犏牛(娟姗牛×麦洼牦牛)去势公牛各8头作为试验对象,在相同饲粮条件下进行为期120 d的饲养试验,采集3种肉牛的血清,并收集24 h尿液,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)方法测定血清、尿液中的代谢物,通过主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)模式识别并寻找血清、尿液中差异代谢物,最后通过KEGG数据库进行代谢通路分析。结果显示:1)西杂牛的干物质采食量和平均日增重显著高于宣汉黄牛和犏牛(P<0.05);犏牛的单位体重采食量显著高于西杂牛和宣汉黄牛(P<0.05),料重比显著高于西杂牛(P<0.05)。宣汉黄牛血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和总抗氧化能力显著高于西杂牛和犏牛(P<0.05)。2)犏牛血清中苏氨酸、蛋氨酸和尿素等的浓度显著高于西杂牛[变量重要性投影值(VIP)>1.0和P<0.05],血清中谷氨酰胺、2-氨基丁酸和尿素等的浓度显著高于宣汉黄牛(VIP>1.0和P<0.05),血清中花生酸、花生四烯酸和十九烷酸等的浓度显著高于西杂牛(VIP>1.0和P<0.05);此外,犏牛尿液中油酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸等的浓度显著高于宣汉黄牛(VIP>1.0和P<0.05)。宣汉黄牛血清中α-生育酚、γ-生育酚、富马酸和尿液中琥珀酸的浓度显著高于西杂牛和犏牛(VIP>1.0和P<0.05),尿液中尿酸的浓度显著高于犏牛(VIP>1.0和P<0.05);犏牛血清中柠檬酸和α-酮戊二酸的浓度显著高于西杂牛(VIP>1.0和P<0.05)。综上可知,犏牛氨基酸和脂质分解代谢强于宣汉黄牛和西杂牛,宣汉黄牛抗氧化能力以及嘌呤和维生素E代谢强于西杂牛和犏牛,三羧酸循环强弱顺序为宣汉黄牛>犏牛>西杂牛。This study was to determine the metabolic differences of Xuanhan yellow cattle,Simmental crossbred cattle and cattle-yak.Eight castrated bulls with the same age(22 months of age),similar body condition and no disease,Xuanhan yellow cattle,Simmental crossbred cattle(Simmental×Xuanhan yellow cattle)and cattle-yak(Jersey×Maiwa yak)were selected as experimental subjects under the same diet conditions for 120 days.The serum and 24-hour urine of three types of beef cattle were collected,and the metabolites in serum and urine were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)method.The differential metabolites in serum and urine were obtained by principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),and finally metabolic pathway analysis was performed by KEGG database.The results showed as follows:1)the dry matter intake(DMI)and average daily gain(ADG)of Simmental crossbred cattle were significantly higher than those of Xuanhan yellow cattle and cattle-yak(P<0.05);the feed intake per unit of body weight of cattle-yak was significantly higher than that of Xuanhan yellow cattle and Simmental crossbred cattle(P<0.05),and the feed/gain ratio of cattle-yak was significantly higher than that of Simmental crossbred cattle(P<0.05).The glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in serum of Xuanhan yellow cattle were significantly higher than those of Simmental crossbred cattle and cattle-yak(P<0.05).2)The concentrations of threonine,methionine,urea,etc.in serum of cattle-yak were significantly higher than those odf Simmental crossbred cattle[variable importance in the projection(VIP)>1.0 and P<0.05],the concentrations of glutamine,2-amino-butyric acid,urea,etc.in serum of cattle-yak were significantly higher than those of Xuanhan yellow cattle(VIP>1.0 and P<0.05),and the concentrations of eicosanoic acid,arachidonic acid,nonadecanoic acid,etc.in serum of cattle-yak were significantly higher than those of Simmental crossbred cattle(VIP>1.0 and P<0.05

关 键 词：代谢组学 宣汉黄牛 西杂牛 犏牛 代谢途径 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]