基于车载巡测北京市环路射频电磁环境时空变化分析  

Temporal and spatial variation analysis of radio frequency electromagnetic environment of Beijing’s ring road by vehicle survey

作　　者：徐辉 李飞 佟晶 王冠 康晓晗 XU Hui;LI Fei;TONG Jing;WANG Guan;KANG Xiaohan(Beijing Municipal Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Beijing 100089;Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100082)

机构地区：[1]北京市核与辐射安全中心,北京100089 [2]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082

出　　处：《辐射防护》2024年第6期631-639,共9页Radiation Protection

摘　　要：为了解电磁环境的时间、空间等长期、短期变化趋势,利用车载巡测开展了3项研究:一是2022年、2023年分别对北京市二环、三环、四环和五环4个环路开展30 MHz~6 GHz的电磁环境选频监测,获取20余万个点位数据,对各环路、不同制式基站等时间和空间年度变化情况进行了分析。发现总电场强度值由(1.34±0.85)V/m上升至(1.64±1.00)V/m,且电场强度值均为三环>二环>四环>五环,2023年5G基站电场强度值超过4G基站;空间分布看,2023年总热点区域明显多于2022年,五环热点少于其他环路,各环路东部和西部电磁环境水平相对较高。二是2024年对北京市环路开展了0.1 MHz~6 GHz昼间、夜间的车载巡测,提取频谱信息,对主要电磁辐射源占比进行了对比分析。发现各环路基站为占比最高的电磁辐射源。三是2023年和2024年对同一个5G电信基站分别开展了一天24小时的连续监测,对小时数据变化进行了对比分析。发现2024年全天小时均值基本上高于2023年,且由于2024年该基站夜间工作模式的调整,使得4∶00—7∶00时段的电场强度值由2023年的0.51 V/m变为2024年正常工作状态的2.27 V/m。In order to understand the long-term and short-term changing trend in time and space of electromagnetic environment,three studies were carried out by vehicle survey.Firstly,in 2022 and 2023,frequency selective monitoring of electromagnetic environment ranging from 30 MHz-6 GHz were conducted on four ring roads in Beijing,including the Second Ring Road,the Third Ring Road,the Fourth Ring Road,and the Fifth Ring Road,respectively,which collected 200,000 values.Through temporal and spatial variation analysis on different ring roads and base stations of different generation,it reveals that the general electric field rising from(1.34±0.85)V/m to(1.64±1.00)V/m,and all the values show that:the Third Ring Road>the Second Ring Road>the Fourth Ring Road>the Fifth Ring Road;also the electromagnetic field from 5G BS in 2023 exceeds that of 4G BS.In terms of spatial distribution,the total number of hotspots in 2023 is significantly higher than that in 2022,and the number of hotspots in the Fifth Ring Road is less than that in other ring roads.The electromagnetic environment level in the eastern and western parts of each ring road is relatively high.Secondly,in 2024,vehicle surveys of electromagnetic environment ranging from 0.1 MHz-6 GHz both in the daytime and nighttime were implemented on the Beijing Ring Roads,extracting spectral data and analyzing the proportion of major electromagnetic radiation sources,and found that the base station had the highest proportion.Third,in 2023 and 2024,the same 5G base station was continuously monitored for 24 hours,and it is found that the average hourly values in 2024 are basically higher than those in 2023,and due to the adjustment of the night working modes,the values in the 4-7 o’clock period change from the background value in 2023 to the normal working state in 2024.

关 键 词：车载巡测 北京环路 电磁环境 连续监测 频谱分析 时空变化趋势 

分 类 号：X837[环境科学与工程—环境工程]