三种环境材料混施对高寒矿区边坡土壤的影响  

Effects of Mixed Application of Three Environmental Materials on Slope Soils in Alpine Mining Areas

作　　者：孔令健 张琳 刘一帆 张莹[2] 梅重庆 何沁航 黄占斌[2] Kong Lingjian;Zhang Lin;Liu Yifan;Zhang Ying;Mei Chongqing;He Qinhang;Huang Zhanbin(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第6期97-105,共9页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：青海威斯特铜业有限责任公司科研项目“高寒矿区边坡绿化喷播基质配制及其应用技术研究”(2641-ZC-2022-00094);国家重点研究计划项目“煤基高分子材料及其安全修复利用技术”(2020YFC1806504-01)。

摘　　要：[目的]为解决青藏高寒地区土壤复垦过程中土壤结构较差,水土流失严重等问题,研究3种环境材料对土壤团粒结构改良和理化性质改善的优化组合。[方法]以青海德尔尼铜矿为例,利用当地蛇纹石渣土和原土,通过土培模拟正交试验,研究了混施黏合剂、长纤维、稻壳3种材料对边坡土壤改良的效果,并筛选出效果最佳的混合材料比例。[结果]正交极差结果表明:黏合剂对土壤团聚体、总孔隙度、田间持水量和土壤容重的影响较强,长纤维和稻壳对pH值和全盐含量的影响较强。与对照相比(CK)相比,黏合剂的加入可以增加土壤容重,但会降低土壤孔隙;长纤维和稻壳可明显降低土壤pH值,提高总孔隙度和田间持水量并适当提高全盐含量。土壤团聚体和pH值最优的组合为A_(2)B_(2)C_(3)(黏合剂0.074 g/kg,长纤维2.960 g/kg,稻壳11.110 g/kg);土壤容重、总孔隙度和田间持水量调节以A_(1)B_(2)C_(2)(黏合剂0.037 g/kg,长纤维2.960 g/kg,稻壳7.410 g/kg)组合最优;全盐含量最优组合为A_(3)B_(1)C_(2)(黏合剂0.111 g/kg,长纤维1.480 g/kg,稻壳7.410 g/kg)。[结论]高寒矿区土壤基质恢复的最优配方是A_(1.5)B_(2)C_(2),即黏合剂0.056 g/kg,长纤维2.960 g/kg,稻壳7.410 g/kg为最优配比。它可以改善土壤结构,并具有提高青藏高寒矿区水土保持的能力。[Objective]The optimal combination of three environmental materials for soil aggregate structure and physicochemical properties improvements were examined,in order to solve the problems of poor soil structure and serious soil and water loss in the process of soil reclamation in the alpine region of Qinghai-Xizang region.[Methods]Using the Qinghai Delni Copper Mine as the research site and utilizing the local serpentine residue soil and raw soil,the effect of mixing three kinds of materials,namely binder,long fiber,and rice husk,on the soil improvement was investigated through the soil cultivation simulation orthogonal test,and the ratio of the mixed materials with the best effect was screened out.[Results]Orthogonal polar results showed that the binder had a stronger effect on soil aggregates,total porosity,field water holding capacity,and soil bulk density,whereas long fibers and rice husk had a stronger effect on pH value and total salt content.Binder incorporation increased soil bulk density but decreased soil pore space compared to the control(CK).Long fibers and rice husk significantly decreased soil pH value,increased total porosity and field water holding capacity,and suitably increased total salt content.The optimal combination for soil aggregates and pH value was A_(2)B_(2)C_(3)(binder 0.074 g/kg,long fiber 2.960 g/kg,rice husk 11.110 g/kg).Soil bulk density,total porosity,and field water holding capacity regulation were optimized using the combination A_(1)B_(2)C_(2)(binder 0.037 g/kg,long fiber 2.960 g/kg,rice husk 7.410 g/kg),and the optimal combination for total salt content was A_(3)B_(1)C_(2)(binder 0.111 g/kg,long fiber 1.480 g/kg,rice husk 7.410 g/kg).[Conclusion]The optimal formula for soil matrix restoration in the alpine mining area was obtained as A_(1.5)B_(2)C_(2),that is,binder 0.056 g/kg,long fiber 2.960 g/kg,and rice husk 7.410 g/kg as the optimal ratios,which could improve the soil structure and enhances the capacity of soil and water conservation in the alpine mining area of Qinghai-Xiz

关 键 词：高寒矿区 正交设计 土壤团聚体 黏合剂 极差分析 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] S157.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]