基于MIKE FLOOD耦合模型的城区上游水库溃坝洪水模拟研究  

Dam-break Flood Simulation of Upstream Reservoir in Urban Area Based on MIKE FLOOD Coupling Model

作　　者：袁银 葛均建 李政鹏 马春英 屈志刚 Yuan Yin;Ge Junjian;Li Zhengpeng;Ma Chunying;Qu Zhigang(Henan Water&Power Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou,Henan 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省水利勘测设计研究有限公司,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第6期159-165,193,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“中小流域堤坝群安全防控技术集成及示范应用”(2022YFC3005505);河南省水利厅水利工程建设项目“贾鲁河综合治理工程数字孪生贾鲁河先行先试项目”(HNJLH/JS/CG-2022001)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究溃坝洪水演进过程模拟方法,为水库溃决风险防控、制定溃坝早期预警及人员疏散方案提供科学依据。[方法]以河南省郑州市上游尖岗和常庄水库为例,基于GIS技术构建高仿真地形数字高程模型,利用MIKE FLOOD耦合模型进行水库溃坝一二维模型耦合,模拟水库溃坝后洪水演进过程,探讨洪水在下游河道和复杂城区的演进特征。[结果]常庄水库和尖岗水库溃坝瞬间最大下泄洪峰流量分别为4542.03和17549.1 m^(3)/s。贾鲁河下游距尖岗水库约15.00~31.39 km范围内河道两岸的漫堤洪水淹没面积为56.37 km^(2)。常庄水库溃决1.00 h后,河道漫堤,开始产生淹没区,溃决4.25 h后,尖岗水库发生溃坝。当尖岗水库溃决洪水演进历时1.25 h后,原淹没区水深显著增加,溃决1.92 h后,淹没范围开始增大。常庄和尖岗水库溃坝后,洪水水位均增大至超过南水北调防护堤堤顶,大量洪水涌进南水北调总干渠,洪水流速普遍增大。[结论]尖岗水库溃坝洪峰流量远大于常庄水库,溃坝危害性更大,溃坝后洪水大量涌进南水北调总干渠,堤防、边坡和进出口闸室冲刷风险增大,下游河道两岸漫堤淹没,严重影响南水北调总干渠输水安全和人民生命财产安全。[Objective]The simulation method of flood evolution process caused by reservoir dam failures in urban areas was analyzed,in order to provide a scientific basis for risk prevention,early warning system development,and evacuation plans.[Methods]Using the upstream Jiangang and Changzhuang reservoirs in Zhengzhou City as case studies,a high-resolution digital elevation model was constructed based on GIS technology.The MIKE FLOOD coupling model was employed to integrate one-dimensional and two-dimensional models of reservoir dam failure,simulating the flood evolution process and exploring the characteristics of floods in downstream rivers and complex urban areas.[Results]Immediately following the dam failure,the peak discharge at the breach quickly reached its maximum.Peak outflow volumes from the Changzhuang and Jiangan reservoirs were 4542.03 and 17549.1 m^(3)/s,respectively,with non-converging flood peaks.Portions of both banks downstream of the Jialu River,within 15.00 to 31.39 km from the Jiangan reservoir,were inundated,covering an area of 56.37 km^(2).One hour after the breach of the Changzhuang reservoir,riverbanks began to overflow,resulting in increased inundation areas.The Jiangan reservoir dam failure occurred 4.25 h later.1.25 h after the Jiangan reservoir breach,inundation depths significantly increased in the original inundation area,expanding further to the maximum inundation area 1.92 h later.Following the dam breaks of the Changzhuang and Jiangan reservoirs,the floodwater level rose above the top of the south-to-north water transfer protection embankment,and a large volume of floodwater surged into the main channel of the south-to-north water transfer,generally increasing the flood flow rate.[Conclusion]The peak flood flow from the Jiangan reservoir is significantly larger than that from the Changzhuang reservoir,making its dam break more harmful.After the dam breaks,a substantial amount of floodwater enters the main channel of the south-to-north water diversion Project,increasing the risk of erosion

关 键 词：城市地区 水库溃坝 洪水演进 MIKE FLOOD耦合模型 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TV122.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TV672