侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属形态、浓度及富集影响的研究进展  

Research Progress on Effects of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation on Form,Concentration and Enrichment of Heavy Metals

作　　者：张峰 陈佳[1,2,3,4,5] 范萍萍 牛勇 方怒放 吴泽燕[2,3,4] 谭廷俊 龙文涛[1] 邰良 Zhang Feng;Chen Jia;Fan Pingping;Niu Yong;Fang Nufang;Wu Zeyan;Tan Tingjun;Long Wentao;Tai Liang(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Ecosystem and Treatment of Rocky Desertification,Ministry of Natural Resources,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Pingguo Guangxi,Karst Ecosystem,Observation and Research Station,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]自然资源部岩溶生态系统与石漠化治理重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [3]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西桂林541004 [4]广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,广西桂林541004 [5]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第6期222-236,共15页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“喀斯特地质高背景区坡耕地土壤侵蚀对Cd迁移的作用机制”(42367047);自然资源部岩溶生态系统与石漠化治理重点实验室开放基金专项/广西岩溶动力学重大科技创新基地开放课题“喀斯特区浅层岩溶裂隙土壤漏失对Cd迁移的影响机制”(YRSW-2023-086);中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金“地球化学异常区坡耕地地表/地下土壤侵蚀对镉迁移的影响规律”(F2010121002-202416)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属形态、浓度和富集的作用规律,旨在明晰侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属形态、浓度和富集的影响机制,为流域土壤重金属污染防治提供科学依据。[方法]基于国内外有关侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属影响的相关文章,借助CiteSpace和VOSveiwer软件对侵蚀—沉积过程中影响土壤重金属的知识图谱进行研究,并对相关研究成果进行系统分析。[结果]①近30 a侵蚀—沉积与重金属的研究呈上升趋势。在2017—2023年迅猛上升,地球化学特征、生态风险评价、源解析、迁移转化等是侵蚀—沉积与重金属研究的热点。②侵蚀过程中降雨促使重金属由颗粒态向溶解态转化。径流导致土壤重金属含量的空间分异,沉积环境中土壤团聚体和黏粒含量影响重金属分布和富集。③有机质对重金属具有双重作用。既能吸附游离态重金属离子,降低土壤重金属的交换态含量,又能与重金属发生络合作用,提高重金属的有机结合态含量。④pH值对重金属形态的转化具有显著影响。酸性条件下促进重金属离子间络合、沉淀等作用;而碱性条件下土壤颗粒表面正电荷增加与重金属离子所带正电荷相排斥,进而影响土壤颗粒表面对重金属离子的吸附。⑤土壤水分影响重金属的还原释放。土壤水分越高重金属的溶解度越大,但过量的水分会导致氧气不足,降低氧化还原电位(Eh),Eh的变化直接影响土壤铁锰氧化物和硫化物的稳定性,进而造成重金属浓度变化。[结论]侵蚀—沉积过程中土壤重金属赋存形态、浓度变化和富集特征受多种环境因子共同作用,呈现侵蚀区到沉积区显著的差异,未来研究应关注侵蚀—沉积过程中重金属动态演化监测的新技术与新方法的开发;侵蚀—沉积过程对重金属的赋存形态、浓度变化和富集特征的内在联系机制的研究;不同因素在侵蚀—沉积过程中[Objective]The effects of soil erosion and sedimentation on the form,concentration,and enrichment of heavy metals were explored,and the mechanism of the influence of soil erosion and sedimentation on the form,concentration and enrichment of heavy metals were studied,in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution in river basins.[Methods]Based on relevant domestic and foreign studies about the influence of erosion-deposition on soil heavy metals,CiteSpace and VOSveiwer software were used to study the knowledge map of the influence of soil heavy metals during erosion-deposition and the relevant research results were systematically analyzed.[Results]①The research on erosion-sedimentation and heavy metals has shown an upward trend in the past 30 years,increasing rapidly from 2017 to 2023,and geochemical characteristics,ecological risk assessment,source analysis,migration,and transformation are the hot spots in the research area.②During the erosion process,rainfall promoted the transformation of heavy metals from a granular state to a dissolved state,runoff led to the spatial differentiation of soil heavy metal content,and soil aggregate and clay content in the sedimentary environment affected the distribution and enrichment of heavy metals.③Organic matter has dual effects on heavy metals:it can adsorb free heavy metal ions and reduce the exchange state content of heavy metals in soil.In addition,it can also have complexation with heavy metals and increase the organic binding state content of heavy metals.④The pH value has a significant effect on the transformation of heavy metal forms.Under acidic conditions,the complexation and precipitation of heavy metal ions are promoted.In contrast,under alkaline conditions,the positive charge on the surface of soil particles repels the positive charge carried by heavy metal ions,thus affecting the adsorption of heavy metal ions on the surface of soil particles.⑤Soil water affects the reduction and release of heavy m

关 键 词：土壤重金属 侵蚀和沉积 赋存形态 浓度变化 富集特征 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] X53[农业科学—农业基础科学]