蚕豆秸秆翻压还田对后作水稻化肥减施和产量的影响  

Effect of Pressing and Returning Broad Bean Straw to Field on Fertilizer Application Reduction and Yield in Subsequent Rice Cultivation

作　　者：张师荣 ZHANG Shi-rong(Soil and Fertilizer Technology Promotion Station of Lianjiang County,Lianjiang 350500,China)

机构地区：[1]连江县土壤肥料技术推广站,福建连江350500

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2024年第12期1-6,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：福建省农业技术推广项目“基于现代耕作制度的南方绿肥轻简栽培利用技术集成与推广”(2024FS16);2024年福建省绿肥示范推广项目(闽财农指[2023]94号)。

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验方法,以常规化肥施用处理为对照,研究了常规化肥+蚕豆秸秆翻压还田(T_(1))、80%常规化肥施用+蚕豆秸秆翻压还田(T_(2))、80%常规化肥施用+蚕豆秸秆翻压还田+钙质土壤调理剂(80 kg/667 m^(2))(T3)这3种不同施肥处理对水稻产量和土壤基本肥力的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,T_(2)处理稻谷干物质产量达676.78 kg/667 m^(2),增加了36.46 kg/667 m^(2),增产率为5.69%;化肥成本投入减少了29.9元/667m^(2),增收117.50元/667 m^(2),经济效益提高了19.36%;土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、全氮、全磷含量分别提高了0.07、1.43 g/kg、21.82 mg/kg、17.64 mg/kg、0.17 g/kg、0.14 g/kg,差异均达到显著水平,土壤有效磷、全钾含量分别提高了10.37 mg/kg、0.79 g/kg。综上,80%常规化肥施用+蚕豆秸秆还田处理为最优施肥处理,可在连江县的蚕豆—水稻轮作模式中推广应用。This article used a field plot experiment method,and took conventional fertilizer application treatment as the control to study the effects of three different fertilizer treatments including conventional fertilizer+broad bean straw tillage and returning to the field,80%conventional fertilizer application+broad bean straw tillage and returning to the field(T_(2)),and 80%conventional fertilizer application+broad bean straw tillage and returning to the field+calcareous soil conditioner(80 kg/667 m^(2))on rice yield and soil basic fertility.The results showed that compared with the control CK,the dry matter yield of rice in T_(2)treatment reached 676.78 kg/667 m^(2),which increased by 36.46 kg/667 m^(2)and 5.69%.The cost of fertilizer investment decreased by 29.9 yuan/667 m^(2),resulting in an increase of 117.50 yuan/667 m^(2)in income and a 19.36%increase in economic benefits.The soil pH value,organic matter,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available potassium,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus content significantly increased by 0.07,1.43 g/kg,21.82 mg/kg,17.64 mg/kg,0.17 g/kg,and 0.14 g/kg,respectively.The soil available phosphorus and total potassium content increased by 10.37 mg/kg and 0.79 g/kg,respectively.In conclusion,the optimal fertilization treatment was“80%conventional fertilizer application+returning broad bean straw”,which can be popularized and applied in the“broad bean rice”rotation mode in Lianjiang County.

关 键 词：蚕豆秸秆 还田 水稻 化肥减施 产量 

分 类 号：S643.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]