燕山丘陵区高粱需水影响因素研究  

Study on Influencing Factors of Sorghum Water Demand in Yanshan Hilly Area

作　　者：李雯雯 王盛男 李小茹 王莉萌 荣迪 高智慧 于欢欢 乌仁图雅 曲颖超 邓宇 王岩 LI Wen-wen;WANG Sheng-nan;LI Xiao-ru;WANG Li-meng;RONG Di;GAO Zhi-hui;YU Huan-huan;Wurentuya;QU Ying-chao;DENG Yu;WANG Yan(Chifeng Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Chifeng 024031,China;Chifeng Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center,Chifeng 024031,China)

机构地区：[1]赤峰市农牧科学研究所,内蒙古赤峰024031 [2]赤峰市农牧业技术推广中心,内蒙古赤峰024031

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2024年第12期7-15,共9页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“基于物联网的赤峰地区主栽农作物需水规律研究与智能灌溉系统集成”(2020GG0088)。

摘　　要：为了探讨不同灌水条件下高粱的需水规律和水分利用效率,以高粱(赤杂131)为研究对象,在赤峰市喀喇沁旗西桥镇试验小区内安装智能监测系统和气象站采集土壤墒情、气象数据,以当地大水漫灌灌溉模式为对照(CK),以灌溉定额(L_(1)D)、灌溉强度(L_(2)Q)、灌溉频次(L_(3)P)和灌溉下限(L_(4)X)4种不同灌溉因子为试验组,在抽穗期、灌浆期分别设置12个处理(L_(1)D_(1)、L_(1)D_(2)、L_(1)D_(3),L_(2)Q_(1)、L_(2)Q_(2)、L_(2)Q_(3),L_(3)P_(1)、L_(3)P_(2)、L_(3)P_(3),L_(4)X_(1)、L_(4)X_(2)、L_(4)X_(3))。研究了不同灌水定额、灌水强度、灌水频次、灌溉下限对高粱生长指标、干物质积累、光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素、产量及其构成要素的影响,以及水分利用效率和灌水有效利用系数。结果表明:根长和茎粗均随着灌溉频次的增加而增加,高粱干物质积累量随着灌溉量的增加而增加;在灌溉强度为1.1 m^(3)/h时,抽穗期和灌浆期高粱干物质含量达到峰值;光合速率随着灌溉强度的增加而呈现出先增加后减少的变化趋势,灌溉因子对蒸腾速率和叶绿素的影响不大。4种灌溉因子对高粱生长发育和产量影响的大小不同,其中,灌溉强度、灌溉频次均与高粱的产量成正比,产量随着灌溉强度和频次的减少而下降,以L_(3)P_(3)(4次)处理组的效果最佳;灌溉定额处理L_(1)D_(2)(60 m^(3)/667 m^(2))的产量为486.58 kg/667 m^(2),水分利用效率最高为2.04 kg/(mm·667 m^(2));当灌溉下限为高粱农田土壤含水率高于40%的土壤田间持水率时,高粱可不灌水。In order to explore the water demand and water use efficiency of sorghum under different irrigation conditions,sorghum(Chiza 131)was taken as the research object,and an intelligent monitoring system and meteorological station were installed in the experimental community of Xiqiao Town,Karaqin Banner,Chifeng City to collect soil moisture and meteorological data.The local flood irrigation mode was used as the control,and irrigation quota(L_(1)D),irrigation intensity(L_(2)Q),irrigation frequency(L_(3)P),and irrigation lower limit(L_(4)X)were used as the experimental group.Different treatments were set up at the heading and filling stages,with a total of 12 treatments(L_(1)D_(1),L_(1)D_(2),L_(1)D_(3),L_(2)Q_(1),L_(2)Q_(2),L_(2)Q_(3),L_(3)P_(1),L_(3)P_(2),L_(3)P_(3),L_(4)X_(1),L_(4)X_(2),L_(4)X_(3)).The effects of different irrigation quotas,intensity,frequency,and lower irrigation limits on the growth indicators,dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,chlorophyll,yield,and constituent elements of sorghum were studied,and the water use efficiency and effective irrigation utilization coefficient were analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of irrigation frequency,both root length and stem diameter increased.With the increase of irrigation amount,the accumulation of dry matter in sorghum increased.When the irrigation intensity is 1.1 m^(3)/h,the dry matter of sorghum reaches its maximum value at the heading and filling stages.The photosynthetic rate first increases and then decreases with the increase of irrigation intensity,and irrigation factors have little effect on transpiration rate and chlorophyll.The four irrigation factors have different effects on the growth,development,and yield of sorghum.The irrigation intensity is directly proportional to the yield of sorghum.As the irrigation intensity weakens,the yield of sorghum decreases.The L_(3)P_(3)(4 times)treatment group has the best effect.The irrigation quota treatment group is L_(1)D_(2)(60 m^(3)/667 m^(2)),with a yield of 486.5

关 键 词：高粱 灌溉频次 灌溉强度 灌溉下限 灌溉定额 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]