偏离中立:爱尔兰与美国的外交博弈(1949—1956)  

Deviating from Neutrality:The Diplomatic Game Between Ireland and the United States,1949—1956

作　　者：梁志[1] 王维祎 LIANG Zhi;WANG Wei-yi(History Department,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,上海200241

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期31-42,共12页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“不结盟运动文献资料的整理、翻译与研究(1961-2021)”(18ZDA205)。

摘　　要：爱尔兰的永久中立与对国家统一的追求密切相关:1949—1956年间,爱尔兰的对外政策目标优先级依次为实现国家统一、保持中立地位、增强军事力量、推动经济发展。爱尔兰一方面以北爱分治为由拒绝加入北约,将维护欧洲安全和反对苏联作为说辞请求美国提供武器支持;另一方面又因担心损害其中立原则而拒绝接受共同安全援助,而美国的首要目标恰是要消解爱尔兰的中立原则,促使爱尔兰加入北约。爱美外交关系改善的转折点是爱尔兰加入联合国及其总理科斯特洛访美,此后爱尔兰的外交政策便开始偏离中立原则。可见促成爱尔兰这一转变的最大外部推手就是美国,推动爱尔兰在外交乃至军事上走上“亲西方”的道路,进而在某种程度上导致冷战的进一步扩大。Ireland’s permanent neutrality was closely linked to its quest for national unity.Ireland’s foreign policy objectives prioritized realizing national unity,maintaining neutrality,strengthening military power,and promoting economic development between 1949 and 1956.Under this premise,Ireland refused to join NATO on the grounds of the partition of Northern Ireland,used the preservation of European security and opposition to the Soviet Union as an excuse to induce the United States to provide it with arms support,and refused to accept mutual security assistance for fear of jeopardizing the principle of neutrality.In contrast,the primary goal of the United States was to dissolve Ireland’s principle of neutrality and bring it into NATO.The turning point in improving Irish-American relations was Ireland’s accession to the United Nations and the visit of Prime Minister Costello to the United States.Since then,Ireland has gradually leaned towards the United States and deviated more significantly from the principle of neutrality.In Ireland’s deviation from neutrality,the United States was the biggest driving force behind it.Ireland’s diplomatic and even military“pro-Westernism”contributed in part to the expansion of the Cold War.

关 键 词：爱尔兰 中立 冷战 爱美关系 

分 类 号：K562.8[历史地理—历史学] D819[历史地理—世界史]