2018-2023年莆田市乙型流感病毒流行特征和变异分析  

Analysis of the prevalence characteristics and hemagglutinin gene variations of influenza type B virus in Putian City from 2018 to 2023

作　　者：张勐劼 凌益新 黄俊驹 谭瑾琳 陈建铃 林中亮 潘海勇 阮则凡 谢龙 ZHANG Mengjie;LING Yixin;HUANG Junju;TAN Jinlin;CHEN Jianling;LIN Zhongliang;PAN Haiyong;RUAN Zefan;XIE Long(Putian Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Putian,Fujian,China,351100;Research Institute,DAAN Gene Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China,510665)

机构地区：[1]莆田市疾病预防控制中心,福建莆田351100 [2]广州达安基因股份有限公司研究院,广东广州510665

出　　处：《分子诊断与治疗杂志》2024年第12期2286-2290,共5页Journal of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy

摘　　要：目的分析2018-2023年莆田市乙型流感病毒的流行特征和血凝素蛋白(HA)基因变异情况,为优化当地流感防控策略提供依据。方法收集2018年1月至2023年12月间莆田市流感监测哨点医院的20487例流感样病例样本,通过荧光PCR检测流感病毒核酸,鉴定乙型流感阳性样本并区分Victoria和Yamagata亚型。选取108例标本,扩增HA基因全长并测序,构建系统进化树分析遗传变异。结果共检测出1470例乙型流感病例,阳性率为7.18%(1470/20487),Victoria亚型占86.39%(1270/1470),Yamagata亚型占13.61%。各年份间乙流阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。乙型流感主要在冬春季和夏季流行,各季节间阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各年龄组间阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),5~14岁人群阳性率最高(13.09%)。进化树分析发现,Victoria毒株主要属于V1A.3分支(46.43%,39/84),Yamagata毒株均为Y3分支。HA蛋白多个氨基酸突变集中于关键抗原表位区域(120-loop、150-loop、160-loop和190-helix)。结论莆田市乙型流感呈冬春和夏季双峰流行模式,青少年是重点防控人群。Victoria亚型V1A.3分支为主要流行株,HA基因持续变异可能影响现有疫苗效力,需动态监测和及时更新疫苗组分。本研究揭示了莆田市乙型流感的流行规律和病毒进化特点,为流感防控和疫苗研制提供重要参考。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and hemagglutinin(HA)gene variations of influenza B virus in Putian City from 2018 to 2023,provide a basis for optimizing local influenza control strategies.Methods A total of 20,487 samples of influenza⁃like illness were collected from sentinel hospitals in Putian from January 2018 to December 2023.Influenza virus nucleic acids were detected using fluorescent PCR.Positive samples were identified and differentiated into Victoria and Yamagata sub⁃types.Full⁃length HA genes from 108 specimens were sequenced,and phylogenetic trees were constructed to analyze genetic variations.Results A total of 1470 cases of influenza B were detected,with a positive rate of 7.18%(1470/20487).The Victoria subtype accounted for 86.39%(1270/1470),and the Yamagata subtype accounted for 13.61%.There is a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of COVID⁃19 among dif⁃ferent years(P<0.05).Influenza B is mainly prevalent in winter,spring,and summer,and the difference in positive rates among different seasons is statistically significant(P<0.05).The difference in positive rates among different age groups is statistically significant(P<0.05),with the highest positive rate in the population aged 5⁃14(13.09%).Evolutionary tree analysis revealed that the Victoria strain mainly belongs to the V1A.3 branch(46.43%,39/84),while the Yamagata strain belongs to the Y3 branch.Multiple amino acid mutations in the HA protein are concentrated in key antigenic epitope regions(120 loop,150 loop,160 loop,and 190 he⁃lix).Conclusions Influenza B in Putian exhibits a bimodal seasonal pattern,peaking in winter⁃spring and summer,with adolescents being the key target group for control.The V1A.3 branch of the Victoria subtype is predominant,and continuous HA gene variations may affect current vaccine efficacy,necessitating dynamic monitoring and timely updates of vaccine components.This study elucidates the epidemiological patterns and vi⁃ral evolution of influenza B in Puti

关 键 词：乙型流感病毒 血凝素蛋白 分子进化 流行病学 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]