《共产党宣言》中资本批判的思想旨归——兼谈《共产党宣言》解读的两个误解  

The Ideological Purpose of Capital Criticism in"the Communist Manifesto":Two Misunderstandings in the Interpretation of"the Communist Manifesto"

作　　者：苏婉真 SU Wanzhen(School of Marxism,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《理论建设》2024年第6期67-75,共9页Theory Construction

基　　金：国家社科基金“研究阐释党的十九大精神”专项招标课题“新时代我国社会主要矛盾变化新特点的经济哲学研究”(18VSJ008)。

摘　　要：《共产党宣言》作为世界上第一个无产阶级政党的纲领性文件,其中蕴含丰富的资本批判思想。对于《共产党宣言》的解读,理论界存在两个误解:一是剩余价值理论在《共产党宣言》中的“不在场”,二是“消灭私有制”的翻译与解读偏移。产生这两个误解的原因就在于对《共产党宣言》中资本批判思想的忽视和误读。实际上剩余价值理论隐含在对资本内涵的分析中,“消灭私有制”的主张隐含在资本特性的揭示中。《共产党宣言》通过对资本内涵和特性的揭示,批判了资本引发的“对抗危机”“原子化危机”和“同质化危机”。消解这三个危机的关键在于实现“祛魅”,实现阶级意识觉醒引发的“理论祛魅”和“现实祛魅”的双向互动,这一“祛魅”也就是《共产党宣言》中资本批判的思想旨归。"The Communist Manifesto",as the programmatic document of the world's first proletarian political party,contains rich ideas of capital criticism.There are two misunderstandings about the interpretation of"the Communist Manifesto".One is the"nonexistence"of the surplus value theory in"the Communist Manifesto",and the other is the ideological debate about"abolition of private property".The reason for these two misunder-standings lies in the neglect and misreading of the critical thinking of capital in"the Communist Manifesto".In fact,the theory of surplus value is implicit in the analysis of the connotation of capital,and the idea of"abolition of private property"is implicit in the disclosure of the characteristics of capital."The Communist Manifesto"criti-cized the"confrontation crisis""atomization crisis",and"homogenization crisis"caused by capital by revealing its connotation and characteristics.The key to resolving these three crises lies in achieving"disenchantment",which is a two-way interactive process of"theoretical disenchantment"and"practical disenchantment"trig-gered by the awakening of class consciousness.This"disenchantment"is also the ideological purpose of capital criticism in"the Communist Manifesto".

关 键 词：资本 剩余价值 消灭私有制 祛魅 

分 类 号：A122[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]