公平竞争的线上审查:问题、原因及对策  

Online Review of Fair Competition: Problems, Causes and Countermeasures

作　　者：吴太轩 郭柔冰 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2024年第6期5-23,共19页Competition Policy Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“数字经济时代竞争政策定位与反垄断问题研究”(项目批准号:23&ZD076);国家社会科学基金项目“个人信息的竞争法保护疑难问题研究”(项目批准号:23BFX186);2022年度西南政法大学地方立法协同创新中心校级一般项目“数字经济竞争监管立法问题研究”(编号:DFLF2022Y01)的研究成果。

摘　　要：随着数字技术的嵌入,目前各地普遍采取线上审查的方式,在提升公平竞争审查制度落实效率的同时也存在以下问题:将审查标准间的“并列关系”理解为“对立关系”,埋下问题文件后续修改不到位的隐患;将常见情形上升为违反审查标准的必要条件,使得审查标准刚性有余而灵活性不足;从宽或从严审查主观性较强,造成审查力度不一;专家认知有偏差、水平参差不齐,造成审查结论相差较大。诱发这些问题的原因主要是审查思维欠体系化、“运动式”审查尚待转型;审查依据粗略不周延、审查标准缺少实质性;“政府—市场”简单二元观致使“一刀切式”审查方式的回应性弱;审查信息相对闭塞、审查模式激励不足。鉴于此,建议树立体系化审查思维、推动向常态化审查转型;完善列举式审查标准、增设兜底标准与细化实质性标准;回归立法主旨、优化“差异化”的审查方法并理性调适审查力度;加强沟通与培训,提高审查人员的专业性,构建审查报告公示制度与完善审查激励机制并推广以案释法的方法。With the integration of digital technology,online review is widely adopted in various places.While improving the implementation efficiency of the fair competition review system,there are also the following problems:understanding the"parallel relationship"among review standards as"opposite relationship",which could lead to insufficient subsequent modification of the problematic documents;the common situation is raised as the necessary condition for violating the examination standard,which makes the examination standard too rigid and not flexible;the subjectivity of lenient or strict examination is strong,resulting in different examination intensity;there are biases and uneven levels of expert cognition,resulting in a large difference in review conclusions.The main causes of these problems are that the review thinking is not systematic,and the"movement"review needs to be transformed.The review basis is rough and incomplete,and the review criteria lack substance;the simple dual view of"governmentmarket"makes the"one-size-fits-all"examination method less responsive;The review information is relatively blocked and the review mode is not sufficiently stimulated.In view of this,it is suggested to establish systematic review thinking and promote the transition to normal review.Improve the enumeration review standard,add the bottom line standard and refine the substantive standard;Return to the legislative theme,optimize the"differentiated"review method and rationally adjust the review intensity;Strengthen communication and training,improve the professionalism of reviewers,establish a report publicity system and improve the incentive mechanism for reviewing fair competition,and promote the method of interpreting the law through case studies.

关 键 词：公平竞争审查条例 公平竞争线上审查 审查标准 审查流程 例外规定 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]