公平竞争审查第三方评估:解构及改进  

Deconstruct and Improve Third-party Assessments for Fair Competition Reviews

作　　者：冯涛 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2024年第6期24-37,共14页Competition Policy Research

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“适应新时代市场监管需要的权力配置研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD194)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：公平竞争审查第三方评估渐成规模,而相关认识却存在部分疏漏和偏解。对于“为何引入第三方评估”这一前提性问题,实践和规则形成背离。考察发现,委托评估模式下,第三方评估在具体场景中发挥的功能是由委托主体决定的。政策制定机关委托的情况下,第三方评估更多为辅助审查性质;而竞争执法机关委托的情况下,第三方评估更多作为一种监督的方式。第三方评估并不能专门解决审查动力不足的问题,只能在部分监督场景下有所助益。根据评估内容可将公平竞争审查第三方评估分为公平竞争评估和综合评估,两者在评估的规模、标准、方式、知识类型等方面存在差异,据此可指导一般性的制度设计和具体的以需求为核心的采购委托设计。评估活动及其制度改进应当在保持独立性和专业性的基础上,满足委托主体的评估需求,支持不同类型评估的有效实施。鉴于此,结合公平竞争审查第三方评估的精细化及广泛性特征,可以从评估机构、评估标准、评估行为、评估结果等方面进行改进。While third-party evaluation of fair competition review is gaining scale,there are some omissions and misunderstandings in the relevant understanding.With regard to the premise of why third-party evaluation is introduced,there is a discrepancy between practice and rules.It is found that the function of the third-party evaluation in the specific scene is determined by the entrusting subject.When entrusted by the policy-making agency,the third-party evaluation is more of a supplementary review;In the case of competition enforcement authorities,third-party assessments are more often used as a means of monitoring.Third-party evaluation does not specifically address the problem of insufficient review motivation,but can only be helpful in some oversight scenarios.According to the evaluation content,the third party evaluation of fair competition review can be divided into fair competition evaluation and comprehensive evaluation,which have differences in the evaluation scale,standards,methods,types of knowledge,etc.,and can guide the general system design and specific demand-centered procurement entrustment design.On the basis of maintaining independence and professionalism,the evaluation activities and the improvement of the system should meet the assessment needs of the entrusted subjects,support the effective implementation of different types of evaluation,and reflect the fine and extensive characteristics of the third-party evaluation of fair competition review.In view of this,it can be improved from the aspects of evaluation institutions,evaluation standards,evaluation behaviors,and evaluation results.

关 键 词：公平竞争审查 第三方评估 委托评估 公平竞争评估 综合评估 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学] F49[政治法律—法学]