高应变速率下铝合金增塑降弹效应研究  

Study on Formability Enhancements and Springback Reduction Effects of Aluminum Alloys under High Strain Rate

作　　者：夏亮亮 徐勇[2] 李杰 解文龙 刘雪飞 张士宏[2] XIA Liangliang;XU Yong;LI Jie;XIE Wenlong;LIU Xuefei;ZHANG Shihong(College of Transportation,Ludong University,Yantai,Shandong,264000;Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang,110016;Chongqing Jiangdong Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing,404120)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学交通学院,烟台264000 [2]中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心,沈阳110016 [3]重庆江东机械有限责任公司,重庆404120

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2024年第12期2177-2184,共8页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(面上)(CSTB2023NSCQ-LMX0001);中国科学院国际伙伴计划(172GJHZ2022096FN);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024QE380)。

摘　　要：针对高强轻质材料复杂薄壁构件在室温成形过程中存在的因低塑性导致的破裂和因大回弹导致的尺寸偏差等问题,以航空领域广泛应用的2024铝合金作为研究对象,分别开展低/高应变速率下的单向拉伸试验,以探究应变速率对2024铝合金塑性的影响规律。通过对比分析普通冲压、高速冲压和冲击液压三种加载方式下不同角度的板材弯曲成形,解耦分析了高应变速率和液体介质对板材回弹的影响规律。结果表明,高应变速率加载下2024铝合金表现出明显的“增塑”特性,其伸长率最大增幅可达到112.92%;在兼具高速加载特性和液压加载特性的冲击液压加载方式下,2024铝合金表现出明显的“降弹”特性,回弹角最大降幅达到110.25%,出现负回弹现象。Aiming at the problems of ruptures due to low formability and dimensional deviations due to large rebound of complex thin-walled components of high-strength and lightweight materials during room temperature forming,2024 aluminum alloy which was widely used in the aerospace field,was used as the object of the study,and the unidirectional tensile tests were carried out respectively at low and high strain rates to investigate the effects of strain rate on the plasticity of 2024 aluminum alloys.By comparing and analyzing the bending forming of sheet at different angles under traditional stamping,high-speed stamping and impact hydroforming,the study decoupled into the effects of high strain rate and liquid medium on sheet springback.The results suggest that under high strain rate loading,the 2024 aluminum alloys demonstrate a significant enhancement in formability,with a maximum elongation increase of up to 112.92%.Under the impact hydroforming mode,which combined the characteristics of high-strain-rate and liquid medium loading,the 2024 aluminum alloys exhibit a significant reduction in springback,with a maximum reduction in springback angle of up to 110.25%,even leading to a negative springback phenomenon.

关 键 词：铝合金 高应变速率 冲击液压成形 增塑 降弹 

分 类 号：TB31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]