污染摄入型兴奋剂违规禁赛期减免因素实证研究--以国际体育仲裁院2014-2024年仲裁裁决为样本  

Determining Factors on Ineligibility Period Reduction or Elimination for Contaminant Ingestion of Anti-Doping Rule Violations--An Empirical Study Based on the Arbitral Awards of the Court of Arbitration for Sport from 2014 to 2024

作　　者：肖永平[1] 朱晓璐 XIAO Yongping;ZHU Xiaolu(Institute of International Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《体育科学》2024年第10期85-96,F0003,共13页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD203)。

摘　　要：污染摄入型兴奋剂违规是运动员通过一定污染源或中介体被动摄入禁用物质导致阳性检测结果,可分为产品污染型、肉类污染型、密切接触型、其他污染型和来源不明型5种类型。通过对国际体育仲裁院近10年相关裁决的实证分析,归纳出实然层面认定影响禁赛期减免的因素及其逻辑联系,并与《世界反兴奋剂条例》的应然要求相对照,形成包括“禁赛期认定逻辑流程图”“非故意检视对照清单”和“过错程度评估对照清单”在内的禁赛期减免模型。该模型不仅有利于国际体育仲裁院和世界反兴奋剂机构提高工作效率与质量,更有利于运动员事前增强污染摄入防范意识、事后积极争取禁赛期减免,维护自身合法权益。Contaminant ingestion of anti-doping rule violations occurs when athletes passively consume prohibited substances through certain contaminated sources or intermediaries,resulting in positive test results.It can be classified into five types:contaminated product,contaminated meat,close contact,other contamination,and unknown sources.Through an empirical analysis of the relevant arbitral awards of the Court of Arbitration for Sport in the past decade,this study summarizes the actual factors that determine the reduction or elimination of the period of ineligibility and their logical connections at the de facto level,and contrasts them with the de jure requirements in the World Anti-Doping Code,forming an ineligibility period reduction or elimination model that includes“the logic flowchart for ineligibility period determination,”“checklist of factors of unintentional doping,”and“checklist for degree of fault assessment.”This model not only benefits the Court of Arbitration for Sport and the World Anti-Doping Agency in elevating work efficiency and quality but also enables athletes to enhance their awareness of preventing contaminant ingestion in advance and actively strive for the reduction or elimination of the period of ineligibility to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests afterwards.

关 键 词：污染 兴奋剂违规 禁赛期减免 非故意 过错程度 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]