日本“政府安全保障能力强化支援”机制初探  

A Preliminary Study of the“Offi cial Security Assistance”Mechanism in Japan

作　　者：王家曦 郭延军 Wang Jiaxi;Guo Yanjun(the School of International Studies,Dalian University of Foreign Languages;the Institute of Northeast Asian Studies,Dalian University of Foreign Languages;the Institute of Asian Studies(College of National Security),China Foreign Affairs University)

机构地区：[1]大连外国语大学国际关系学院 [2]大连外国语大学东北亚研究院 [3]外交学院亚洲研究所(国家安全学院)

出　　处：《和平与发展》2024年第6期78-106,181,182,共31页Peace and Development

基　　金：2024年辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目“总体国家安全观视阈下中国构建东北亚区域安全新秩序的路径探析”(项目编号:LJ12410172029)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来,日本大幅改订对外援助政策,“援助外交”的泛安全化趋势逐步增强。2023年4月,日本以2022年修订的“安保三文件”为依托,创设了“政府安全保障能力强化支援”机制(OSA)。日本推动OSA机制的主要动因是弥补原有对外援助政策工具的局限、回应日本国内防卫利益集团的政策游说和配合美国实施印太战略并强化美日同盟。OSA机制为日本突破战后和平体制的约束提供了机会,给地区安全带来更多的不稳定因素,并导致日本内阁中央集权化进一步加深。但日本推进OSA也面临财源可持续性、军事工业能力衰退及出口管理能力不足等内部限制,以及周边国家对日本安全角色转换的质疑。未来,OSA或将持续扩展,服务于日本推进安全战略转型、对外扩大军事存在和配合美西方战略布局的目的。中国应对日本推进OSA的动向和意图保持高度警惕,采取积极措施维护地区和平与稳定。The“Official Security Assistance”(OSA)mechanism was established by the Japanese government in accordance with the 2022 revision of its National Security Strategy.While Japan officially frames the OSA as a tool to maintain regional security and stability,it also reflects its strategic objectives,including the expansion of military capabilities,export of arms,and support for the United States’Indo-Pacifi c Strategy,aimed at consolidating regional coalitions to counter China’s influence.Key drivers behind Japan’s promotion of the OSA include the political conservatism that has reshaped Japan’s security perception,the cooperation with the US’Indo-Pacific Strategy coupled with a strengthened US-Japan alliance,and the lobbying efforts of domestic interest groups.Furthermore,the OSA off ers Japan an opportunity to circumvent its“Three Principles on Arms Exports”,resulting in a further centralization of decision-making within the Japanese Cabinet and contributing to regional security instability.However,Japan’s promotion of the OSA faces several internal limitations,including challenges related to the sustainability of financial resources,a declining military-industrial base,and insufficient export control capabilities,alongside skepticism from neighboring countries regarding Japan’s changing security role.In the future,the OSA may continue to expand to serve Japan’s strategic goals of promoting the transformation of its security strategy,expanding its military presence abroad and cooperating with the strategic deployment of the US and the West.In response,China should remain vigilant to Japan’s intentions and actions in advancing the OSA and work actively to preserve regional peace and stability.

关 键 词：OSA ODA 援助外交 日本安保政策 泛安全化 印太战略 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]