2023-2024年南京及周边地区儿童常见6种呼吸道病原体感染的流行病学研究  

An epidemiological study of six common respiratory pathogens in children in Nanjing from 2023 to 2024

作　　者：王欣颜 黄旭 周晋[1] 王全[2] 曹彤[1] WANG Xinyan;HUANG Xu;ZHOU Jin;WANG Quan;CAO Tong(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008,China;Department of Respiratory,Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学附属儿童医院检验科,江苏南京210008 [2]南京医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《临床肺科杂志》2025年第1期52-56,共5页Journal of Clinical Pulmonary Medicine

基　　金：南京医科大学科技发展基金(No.NMUB2022047)。

摘　　要：目的 研究南京市及其周边地区2023年5月至2024年4月期间儿童呼吸道病原体感染性疾病的流行病学及其特征,确定病原体感染的种类,为呼吸道感染性疾病的预防和治疗提供依据。方法 回顾性分析南京市儿童医院2023年5月至2024年4月的88437例患儿标本,采用荧光PCR的方法检测6种病原体,分别为腺病毒(ADV),甲型流感病毒(FluA),乙型流感病毒(FluB),人鼻病毒(HRV),肺炎支原体(MP)和呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV),并对结果进行统计分析。结果 88437个样本阳性检出率为68.98%,六种病原体检出率由高到低分别MP25.77%,ADV15.24%,HRV12.18%,RSV11.51%,FluA8.25%,FluB7.24%。各病原体不同年龄段之间的检出率差异有统计学意义,其中7~18岁儿童检出率最高,时间因素对此也有影响,秋冬季的阳性率较高。其中MP,Flu A与Flu B的检出率存在交替高峰,此消彼长的状态。不同病原体中混合感染的阳性率也较高,其中最常见为HRV与MP混合感染。结论 儿童呼吸道病原体感染以MP感染最为常见,其中MP,Flu A与Flu B存在交替高峰的特点,混合感染以HRV与MP最为常见,不同年龄、时间对病原体感染均有影响。病原体感染多发于7~18岁儿童,应加强对7~18岁儿童的呼吸道感染知识的科普教育。秋冬季为呼吸道病原感染的高发季节,需加强秋冬季节的防护与监测。Objective To study the epidemiology and characteristics of children with respiratory tract infectious diseases from May 2023 to April 2024 in Nanjing and its surrounding areas,and to determine the types of pathogens,to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infectious diseases.Methods The samples of 88437 children from Nanjing Children′s Hospital from May 2023 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Six pathogens,namely adenovirus(ADV),influenza A virus(FluA),influenza B virus(FluB),and human rhinovirus(HRV),were detected by fluorescent PCR.Mycoplasma pneumonia(MP)and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)were analyzed statistically.Results The positive detection rate of 88437 samples was 68.98%,and the detection rates of six pathogens were respectively MP25.77%,ADV15.24%,HRV12.18%,RSV11.51%,FluA8.25%,and FluB7.24%from high to low.There were significant differences in the detection rate of each pathogen among different age groups,and the highest detection rate was found in children aged 7-18 years.The positive rate was also higher in autumn and winter due to time factors.Among them,the detection rates of MP,Flu A,and Flu B have alternating peaks and the state of decline and decline.The positive rate of mixed infection in different pathogens was also high,among which the most common was a mixed infection of HRV and MP.Conclusion MP infection is the most common respiratory tract pathogen infection in children,among which MP,Flu A and Flu B have alternating peaks,HRV and MP are the most common mixed infection,and different ages and times have effects on pathogen infection.Pathogen infection is more common in children aged 7-18 years,and the education of respiratory tract infection knowledge for children aged 7-18 years should be strengthened.Autumn and winter are the high-incidence seasons of respiratory infection, so it is necessary to strengthen the protection and monitoring in autumn and winter.

关 键 词：儿童 呼吸道 病原体 流行病学 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]