非实存的媒介唯物主义:重新审思基特勒意义上的媒介物质性  

The Meida Materialism of Insubstance:Rethinking the Materiality of Media in Kittler's View

作　　者：郭小安[1] 宋继文 GUO Xiaoan;SONG Jiwen(School of Journalism,Chongqing University)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学新闻学院

出　　处：《国际新闻界》2024年第10期71-92,共22页Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目人文社科专项“智能传播与媒介化治理”(项目编号:2024CDJSKPT03)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：弗里德里希·基特勒的媒介唯物主义本质上是一种非实存的唯物主义。从话语网络1800到1900的断裂,也即从语音的物质性到铭写的物质性的转向中,基特勒所关注的媒介,始终存在于非实存的意指机制,并建构于(后)结构主义对语言的物质性的理解。在话语网络1800,语音的“最小所指”与意义、主体直接关联,意指无需媒介居中“调解”,媒介此时尚未存在;而话语网络1900的断裂,先验所指被技术媒介、反形而上学以及心理物理学实验否定,意指必须经过作为能指的媒介,并在能指的滑动中成为无意义的能指游戏。而媒介在物质性的断裂中出现,又重复显现于文学、艺术、科学技术等不同经验性领域,其中便包括有形的、固实的媒介物。基特勒所谓媒介物质性,并非媒介的物质性,而是语言的物质性断裂产生了媒介及媒介物。当我们追溯基特勒意义上媒介物质性的本真意涵,厘清物与物质性、媒介物与媒介等概念之间的复杂关系,便会发现,在基特勒那里,媒介物质性是某种非实存的语言结构、符号形式或意指机制的物质性。正是基于非实存的媒介唯物主义观,能真正丰富我们对物质性的想象,从物质性角度理解当下的媒介世界。Friedrich Kittler's media materialism is an insubstantial materialism.From the discourse network 1800 to 1900,is also a shift from the"materiality of voice"to the"materiality of inscription".The media in Kittler's concern exists in the insubstantial signification and is constructed on the"materiality of language"in(Post-)structuralism.In Discourse Network 1800,the minimal signified"of voice is directly linked to meaning and the subject,and signification does not need to be"mediated"by meida,which does not yet exist;in Discourse Network 1900,the transcendental signified is negated by technological media,anti-metaphysics,and psychophysiology experimentation,and signification has to pass through the media of the signifier and becomes a meaningless"game"in the sliding of signifying chain.The"repetition"of the"materiality of inscription"makes the media in signification visible in different empirical domains such as literature,art,science and technology,and it is in this process that the tangible,solid media as material becomes visible.Kittler's so-called media materiality is not the materiality of the media at all,but rather the break of the"materiality of language"that produced the media.Therefore,when we trace the true meaning of media materiality in Kittler's view,and clarify the complex relationship between the concepts of matter and materiality,media and material media,we will find that what is really worthy of our consideration in Kittler's case is the materiality of insubstantial linguistic structure,symbolic form,or significaiton.It is on the basis of insubstantial media materialism that we can really open up the rich imagination of materiality.

关 键 词：基特勒 非实存 媒介物质性 话语网络 (后)结构主义 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]