乳腺癌患者化疗期间癌因性疲乏发生现状及危险因素分析  

Investigation on the prevalence and risk factors of cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

作　　者：杨素娟[1] 高文思 杨金霞 Yang Sujuan;Gao Wensi;Yang Jinxia(Department of Breast Oncology,Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University,Fujian Cancer Hospital,Fuzhou 350014,China)

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学肿瘤临床医学院、福建省肿瘤医院乳腺肿瘤科,福州350014

出　　处：《中国肿瘤临床与康复》2024年第11期719-726,共8页Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology and Rehabilitation

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2023J05237)。

摘　　要：目的分析乳腺癌患者化疗期间癌因性疲乏的发生现状及危险因素,旨在为构建有针对性缓解疲乏的护理干预措施提供依据。方法选取2022年12月至2023年12月福建省肿瘤医院乳腺肿瘤科住院化疗的乳腺癌患者为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、癌因性疲乏问卷(RPFS)、营养风险筛查简表2002(NRS2002)和简易体能状况量表(SPPB)对乳腺癌患者进行问卷调查并分析。结果调查共发放问卷231份,收回有效问卷共219份,有效回收率为94.81%。乳腺癌患者在化疗阶段癌因性疲乏得分为(3.70±1.57)分,52.5%(115/219)的患者是中度疲乏;RPFS量表中,得分最高的是行为维度(4.07±2.08)分,最低的是情绪维度(3.29±1.94)分。不同既往和目前吸烟史、化疗次数、NRS2002评分和SPPB评分的乳腺癌化疗患者,RPFS得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,既往和目前吸烟史(β=-0.232,P<0.001)、化疗次数(β=0.190,P=0.001)、NRS2002(β=0.392,P<0.001)和SPPB(β=-0.159,P=0.006)是影响化疗期间乳腺癌患者癌因性疲乏的独立危险因素。结论多数乳腺癌患者在化疗期间存在中度疲乏,行为能力维度疲乏程度最为严重。临床护理人员可通过鼓励患者增强体能锻炼、戒烟、营养支持,以及关注患者化疗情况,以此减轻乳腺癌患者化疗期间的癌因性疲乏程度。Objective To analyze the current status and risk factors of cancerrelated fatigue(CRF)in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy,aiming to provide evidence for targeted nursing interventions to alleviate fatigue.Methods Breast cancer patients hospitalized for chemotherapy in the Breast Cancer Department of Fujian Cancer Hospital from December 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects.A questionnaire survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire,the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale(RPFS),the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002(NRS2002),and the Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB).Data were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 231 questionnaires were distributed,with 219 valid responses received,yielding an effective recovery rate of 94.81%.During chemotherapy,the mean CRF score of breast cancer patients was 3.70±1.57.Moderate fatigue was reported in 52.5%(115/219)of patients.Among the RPFS dimensions,the behavior dimension had the highest score(4.07±2.08),while the emotional dimension had the lowest(3.29±1.94).Significant differences in RPFS scores were observed in patients with different histories of smoking,chemotherapy cycles,NRS2002 scores,and SPPB scores(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis identified smoking history(β=-0.232,P<0.001),chemotherapy cycles(β=0.190,P=0.001),NRS2002 scores(β=0.392,P<0.001),and SPPB scores(β=-0.159,P=0.006)as independent risk factors for CRF during chemotherapy.Conclusions Most breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy experience moderate fatigue,with the most severe fatigue observed in the behavioral dimension.Clinical nursing staff can reduce CRF by encouraging patients to improve physical activity,quit smoking,provide nutritional support,and closely monitor chemotherapy-related factors.

关 键 词：乳腺癌 化疗 癌因性疲乏 现状调查 癌因性疲乏问卷 营养风险筛查简表2002 简易体能状况量表 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]