海运服务贸易网络结构演变与各国角色识别  

Evolution of the Network Structure of Maritime Service Trade and National Role Identification

作　　者：李焱 梁雪涵 黄庆波 LI Yan;LIANG Xuehan;HUANG Qingbo(School of Maritime Economics and Management,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学航运经济与管理学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《经济地理》2024年第11期13-23,共11页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金研究专项课题(23VHQ001)。

摘　　要：海运服务是实现贸易流通和经济全球化的纽带,准确辨析世界各国在海运服务贸易中的实际地位,对促进贸易良性循环和海运业稳定发展,量化识别海运服务贸易的格局及特征具有现实意义。文章利用社会网络方法,探究了全球海运服务贸易网络的拓扑特征和演化规律。研究发现:(1)从网络结构特征演变看,样本期内网络密度由0.143增长到0.241,海运服务贸易网络趋于复杂化稠密化,具有核心边缘层级结构、小世界性和极化特征,而无标度性不明显;度和强度的Pearson相关系数分别在-0.4780~-0.3930及-0.0206~-0.0155之间,海运服务贸易网络是典型异配网络;GCX、F8X、FKX 3种模体在各年出现频次均较高,出口结构和互惠结构是海运服务贸易的重要模式,高度集中化贸易模式则并不突出。(2)从各国网络地位和承担角色看,美国、德国、日本等核心国家在网络中具有绝对引领作用,南亚为贸易低值集聚区,空间上呈现以欧洲、亚洲、北美为主导的格局;中国、印度的节点度中心性逐渐提高,新兴经济体网络地位明显增强;新加坡是海运服务贸易枢纽中心,德国和美国是海运服务贸易的重要输出国,日本、英国和泰国倾向于承担进口发起国角色,中国作为核心国和中间节点起着重要的传输作用。Maritime service is the link to realize trade circulation and economic globalization.Distinguishing the actual status of maritime service trade in various countries is of practical significance to promote the virtuous cycle of trade and the stable development of shipping industry,and quantitatively identify the pattern and characteristics of maritime service trade.Therefore,this article uses the social network method to explore the topological characteristics and evolutionary laws of the global maritime service trade network.The results show that:1)In terms of the evolution of network structure characteristics,the network density increases from 0.143 to 0.241 during the sample period,and the network of maritime trade services tends to be complicated and dense,with the characteristics of core edge hierarchy,small world and polarization,while scale-free is not obvious.The Pearson correlation coefficients of node degree and strength degree are-0.4780~-0.3930 and-0.0206~-0.0155,respectively.The trade network of maritime service is a typical heterogeneous network.The frequency of appearance of GCX,F8X,and FKX motifs is relatively high in each year,export structure and reciprocal structure are the important modes of maritime service trade,while highly centralized trade mode is not prominent.2)From the perspective of each country's network status and role,core countries such as the United States,Germany and Japan play an absolute leading role in the network,South Asia is a low-value trade agglomeration area,it shows a spatial pattern dominated by Europe,Asia and North America.The node degree centrality of China and India is gradually improved,and the network status of emerging economies is obviously enhanced.Singapore is the hub of maritime service trade,Germany and the United States are major exporters of maritime service trade,Japan,the United Kingdom and Thailand tend to assume the role of import initiator,and China as the core country and intermediate node plays an important role in transmission.

关 键 词：海运服务贸易 社会网络分析 出口结构 网络模体 层级结构 贸易匹配 

分 类 号：F742[经济管理—国际贸易]