城乡居民基本养老保险制度对个体参保决策的影响分析——基于福利水平和补贴激励的衡量视角  

An Analysis of the Influence of Basic Pension Insurance System for Urban and Rural Residents on Individual Insurance Decision-Making——A Measurement Perspective Based on Welfare Levels and Subsidy Incentives

作　　者：金菲 虞幸然 粟芳[1] JIN Fei;YU Xingran;SU Fang

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学金融学院

出　　处：《金融监管研究》2024年第10期1-19,共19页Financial Regulation Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“运用农业保险健全农民收益保障机制研究”(项目编号:23BJY019)资助;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(项目编号:CXJJ-2023-319)资助。

摘　　要：城乡居民基本养老保险制度运行已逾十四载,但人均缴费水平较低,养老金无法满足老年基本生活,这在一定程度上限制了政策效果。本文手工搜集并比较分析了234个地市的城乡居民基本养老保险制度,识别并剖析了潜在阻碍参保人员提升保费贡献度的不合理因素,并从福利水平和补贴激励两方面构建定量指标进行地区间比较;然后利用2021年“千村调查”数据,实证分析了城乡居民基本养老保险制度的合理性对农村居民养老保险意识和参保决策的影响。分析结果表明,合理的城乡居民基本养老保险制度对农村居民养老保险意识及年缴费额有显著正向影响;且相比于补贴激励,福利水平的影响更加显著;收入不具有显著的调节作用;异质性分析结果表明,合理的城乡居民基本养老保险制度对家庭观念重或金融素养低群体的养老保险意识和参保决策具有更明显的影响。研究结果对提升各地市改进城乡居民基本养老保险制度,进而从根本上提升居民的养老保险意识、提高参与深度有重要的政策启示意义。The basic pension insurance system for urban and rural residents(BPIS)has been in operation for more than 14 years,but the per capita contribution level is low,and the pension cannot meet the basic life of the elderly,which limits the effect of the policy to a certain extent.This paper manually collected and compared the BPIS of 234 cities,identified and analyzed the unreasonable factors that potentially hindered the insurance participants from increasing their premium contribution,and constructed quantitative indicators from two aspects of welfare level and subsidy incentive for regional comparison.Then,using the data of"Thousand villages Survey"in 2021,this paper empirically analyzes the influence of the rationality of BPIS on rural residents'consciousness of pension insurance and insurance participation decisions.The analysis results show that reasonable BPIS has a significant positive impact on rural residents'consciousness of pension insurance and annual contributions.Compared with the subsidy incentive,the effect of welfare level is more significant.Income has no significant regulating effect;The results of heterogeneity analysis show that reasonable BPIS has a more obvious impact on the consciousness of pension insurance and insurance participation decisions making of the groups with high family values or low financial literacy.The research results have important policy implications for improving the BPIS in various cities,thereby fundamentally enhancing residents'consciousness of pension insurance and the depth of participation.

关 键 词：城乡居民基本养老保险制度 养老保险 福利水平 补贴 保险意识 参保决策 

分 类 号：F840.67[经济管理—保险] F842.6