保障农业强国建设要素投入:基本逻辑、现实挑战与实践路径  

Guaranteeing Factor Inputs for Building an Agriculture Powerhouse:Basic Logic,Practical Challenges and Practical Paths

作　　者：贾晋[1] 彭浩瀚 高远卓 Jia Jin;Peng Hao-han;Gao Yuan-zhuo

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学中国西部经济研究院 [2]西南财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济学家》2024年第12期104-113,共10页Economist

基　　金：国家发展和改革委员会政策研究室研究课题“强化建设农业强国要素投入保障问题研究”;农业农村部规划设计研究院乡村振兴重点课题“农业强国的理论内涵与实践路径研究”(XC2X2DKT20230203);国家粮食和物资储备局软科学课题“‘大城市群——超大规模城市’粮食和物资应急保障能力建设研究”(GLRKX2024069)。

摘　　要：在建设农业强国的战略背景下,优化农业生产要素投入、加快形成农业新质生产力已成为新时代“三农”工作的重要着力点。新质生产力的要素特征表现为新型生产要素、新型要素关系和新型要素载体三个方面。土地、劳动力、资本、科技和数据是实现农业现代化转型、发展农业新质生产力的核心生产要素。从实践逻辑看,实现农业强国建设目标需要从要素供求、要素组合、要素替代、要素升级四个维度入手保障要素投入。农业生产要素在世界农业强国发展不同阶段的作用呈现典型规律和特征。我国农业强国建设要素投入主要问题为:农业劳动力剩余与高质量人力资本匮乏并存,土地质量提升与制度改革难度较大,农业科技创新集中于面上延伸而点上突破缺乏,数据要素特性与农业产业特征存在内在矛盾。保障农业强国要素投入,要聚焦劳动力结构性问题,加快人力资本要素升级;着力提升耕地质量,推进土地要素配置市场化改革;创新金融服务体系,提高资本要素供给效率;补齐科技创新短板,加快高精尖技术突破;化解数字农业内在矛盾,激发数据要素生产潜力。Under the strategy of building an agriculture powerhouse,optimizing agricultural production factors input and accelerating new quality productivity have become key focuses.The factor characteristics of the new quality productivity are manifested in three aspects:new types of production factors,new types of factor relations and new types of factor carriers.Land,labour,capital,technology and data are the core production factors for modernizing and transforming agriculture and building new quality productivity in agriculture.From the viewpoint of practical logic,to realize the goal of building an agriculture powerhouse,it is necessary to guarantee factor inputs in four dimensions including factor supply and demand,factor combination,factor substitution and factor upgrading.The role of agricultural production factors at different stages of the development of the world's agricultural powerhouses presents typical laws and characteristics,and the main problems of factor inputs for the construction of China's agricultural powerhouse include:surplus labor alongside a lack of high-quality human capital,difficulties in improving land quality and institutional reforms,limited breakthrough innovations in agricultural technology,and inherent contradictions between data factors and agricultural characteristics.To guarantee the factor inputs of an agriculture powerhouse,it is necessary to focus on the structural problems of the labor force and accelerate the upgrading of human capital factors;focus on improving the quality of arable land and promote the market-oriented reform of land factor allocation;innovate the financial service system and improve the efficiency of the supply of capital factors;make up for the short boards of scientific and technological innovation and accelerate the breakthroughs of high-precision technologies;and resolve the inherent contradictions in digital agriculture and stimulate the potential of the production of data factors.

关 键 词：农业强国 农业现代化 农业生产要素 实践路径 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]