基于实质刑法观的算法法益构造及其刑法展开  

Construction of Algorithmic Legal Interest and Its Development Under Criminal Law Based on Substantive Criminal Law Theory

作　　者：赵龙 Zhao Long

机构地区：[1]烟台大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第12期95-108,共14页Law Science

摘　　要：算法可法益性问题是关乎算法犯罪命题真伪的基本问题。基于实质刑法观的算法犯罪治理,是算法治理的基本刑法立场。在算法犯罪场景下,算法的规范性围绕算法法益及其规范保护展开。算法法益的构造以算法安全、算法公正为核心,具有双重法益形态。逻辑证成上,应以算法安全法益的应然性逻辑展开为起点,推动算法公正的实然建构。通过对算法法益进行应然性逻辑反思和实然性逻辑建构,以法益统一性理论为基础进行逻辑衔接,既符合认识论要求,亦反映了算法法益的价值论评价。实践层面,对算法法益的刑法保护应主要围绕算法行为入罪和出罪的规范性进行教义学展开,通过入罪合法性分析与出罪合理性阐释,解构犯罪场景下算法提供者的责任体系。总体而论,算法行为的可罚性标准及其依据,应以法益实害化和刑法规范的实质解释为主。The question of the legality of algorithms is a fundamental issue concerning the authenticity of algorithmic crime propositions. The algorithmic crime governance based on the substantive criminal law perspective is the fundamental criminal law stance of algorithmic governance. In the context of algorithmic crime, the standardization of algorithms revolves around the legal interests of algorithms and their normative protection. The construction of algorithmic legal interests revolves around algorithmic security and algorithmic fairness, and has a dual form of legal interests. In terms of logical proof, we should start with the logical expansion of the legitimacy of algorithmic security interests, and promote the construction of algorithmic fairness in reality. By reflecting on the logical necessity and constructing the logical reality of algorithmic legal interests, and based on the theory of the unity of legal interests for logical connection, it not only meets the requirements of epistemology but also reflects the value evaluation of algorithmic legal interests. At the practical level, the criminal law protection of algorithmic legal interests should mainly focus on the normativity of criminalization and exoneration of algorithmic behavior through doctrinal analysis. Through the analysis of the legality of criminalization and the explanation of the rationality of exoneration, the responsibility system of algorithmic providers in criminal scenarios should be deconstructed. In other words, the criteria and basis for the punishability of algorithmic behavior should be primarily based on the substantive interpretation of legal interests and criminal law norms.

关 键 词：实质刑法观 算法法益 算法安全 算法公正 算法犯罪 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]