论婚生与非婚生子女类别区分制度之扬弃——基于功能变迁、适用效果及人权理念  

On the Sublation of the Classification System of Legitimate Children and Illegitimate Children——Based on Functional Change, Applicable Affection, and the Concept of Human Rights

作　　者：王康[1] Wang Kang

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第12期109-124,共16页Law Science

摘　　要：《民法典》承继原《婚姻法》规定的子女类别区分制度,依然把“生子女”区分为“婚生子女”与“非婚生子女”,并试图实现对非婚生子女的特别保护。亲子关系法律构建的准据主要是血缘及血缘拟制,而非父母之婚姻,并且其价值目标正从血缘真实转向子本位导向的家庭和平。以婚生性为依据进行子女类别区分,并对非婚生子女进行特别保护宣示的必要性已然丧失。顾及非婚生育日益增多的社会背景,基于《民法典》对人的尊严、自由和独立人格进行平等保护的价值立场和人权理念,参酌比较法之观察,可以认为该区分制度已经失去原有功能,同时在时代发展和社会变迁中已显价值背离,应予以扬弃。为让所有“子女”都能够在平权理念下拥有体面、有尊严的生活,法律文本应删除“婚生子女”与“非婚生子女”之概念,并聚焦亲子关系的构建(尤其是父之身份认定),对《民法典》第1071条、第1127条等有关条款作符合伦理和法理的替代表述,并对亲子关系法体系做相应的协调和规划。在立法者对现行子女类别区分制度更新之前,裁判者应以正确的法律方法对其予以良善适用。The Civil Code, following the Marriage Law, still categorizes “biological children” into “children born in wedlock” and “children born out of wedlock”, and attempts to provide special protection for children born out of wedlock. The legal basis of parent-child relationship mainly includes blood relation and blood relation fiction rather than marriage of parents, and its value goal is changing from blood truth to family peace. The necessity of classifying children based on their parents' marital status and declaring special protection for illegitimate children has been lost. Taking into account the increasingly common social background of out-of-wedlock birth, based on the basic value position of equal protection of human dignity, freedom and independent personality in the Civil Code, and considering the observation of the comparative law, we can conclude that the children classification system should be sublated because it has lost its original function, and has shown the value deviation in the development of the times and social changes. In order to enable all “children” to have a decent and dignified life under the idea of equality, the concepts of “children born in wedlock” and “children born out of wedlock” should be removed from legal texts, and the construction of parent-child relationship(especially the identification of paternity) should be focused on, and relevant provisions such as Article 1071 and Article 1127 of the Civil Code should be replaced by ethical and legal expressions focusing on the construction of parent-child relationship. At the same time, the legal system of parent-child relationship should be coordinated and planned accordingly. Before the existing system is updated by the legislator, judges should apply it well with correct legal methods.

关 键 词：婚生子女 非婚生子女 子女类别区分制度 子女平权 亲子关系法 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]