晚清士群办报活动与文权转移考论  

An Examination of the Newspaper Running Activities of the Intellectuals and the Transfer of Cultural Power in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：李亚峰 Li Yafeng(Normal School,Changshu Institute of Technology,Changshu 215500,China)

机构地区：[1]常熟理工学院师范学院,常熟215500

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期88-100,共13页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“晚清诗坛代际更迭周期考论”(项目批准号:23BZW090)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：依据现代“媒介”理论,媒介的形式比内容更重要。晚清报刊这种新的媒介形式,通过与士林精英耦合,冲击、瓦解了传统中国固有之以科举为纽带、皇权与文权统一的社会结构。受异途崛起影响,原本功名、利禄大致一体的科举选官,至光绪朝出现了严重的分途现象,影响、改变了“学而优则仕”之传统士子承袭千年的人生路径。经甲午战争触发,乙未、丙申之际,无从施展政治抱负的士大夫精英,与逐渐兴起的西式报刊成功耦合。这种新式媒介,为引领文权的士群翘楚,于庙堂体制之外开辟了新的议政平台和政治空间,从而使晚清文权脱离皇权束缚,由科举时代的翰院名士,向维新时期的报馆学人转移。伴随这种文权的流转、变异,知识精英率先在中国社会发起了一场前所未有的结构生态和意识形态变革,最终酝酿并引发了王朝体制的崩溃和近代社会的转型。“媒介”视域的引入,不仅有助于立足不同方位,观察社会历史发展的不同面向,而且可以把理论返置于历史场域之中,多维度、立体化思考其意义和边界,从而为当下“技术媒介”焦虑提供历史性借鉴。According to the modern"media"theory,the form of media is more important than the content.The new media form of the newspaper in the late Qing Dynasty,through coupling with the Scholastic elite,impacted and disintegrated the traditional Chinese social structure which unified the imperial power and cultural power and was tied by the Imperial examination system.Under the influence of the rise of different paths,the imperial examination,which originally integrated fame,wealth and fortune,had a serious separation phenomenon in the Guangxu Dynasty,which affected and changed the traditional life path of"good scholars become officials"inherited by the scholars for a thousand years.Triggered by the Sino-Japanese War,the Scholastic elite who were unable to realize their political ambitions,successfully coupled with the gradual rise of western newspapers.This new medium opened up a new political platform and political space outside the traditional political system for the Scholastic elite which led the cultural power,so that the cultural power of the late Qing Dynasty was free from the bondage of the imperial power,and transferred from the famous scholars in the imperial examination era to the newspaper scholars in the Reform period.With the circulation and variation of the cultural power,the intellectual elite took the lead in initiating an unprecedented structural and ideological reform in Chinese society,which eventually incubated and triggered the collapse of the dynastic system and the transformation of modern society.The introduction of the"media"perspective not only helps to observe different aspects of social and historical development from different directions,but also can return the theory to the historical field and think about its meaning and boundaries in multiple dimensions,thus providing historical reference for the current anxiety of"technological media.

关 键 词：晚清 媒介 文权 报刊 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] I206.5[历史地理—中国史] G219.29[文学—中国文学]