禁酒运动、轻盈面包公司与英格兰茶餐厅的起源  

Temperance Movement,the Aerated Bread Company and the Origin of the Tea Room in England

作　　者：朱联璧[1] Zhu Lianbi(Department of History,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期124-132,共9页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：有别于以往研究大多关注19世纪英国禁酒运动的过程和直接影响,本文通过回顾轻盈面包公司转型为英国茶餐厅巨头的过程,从不同角度指出禁酒运动对大众餐饮方式和女性生活方式产生的影响。轻盈面包被误解的特性、公司负责人之一的本杰明·沃德·理查德森作为禁酒运动的积极倡导者的身份,禁酒运动的理念以及民众对公共餐饮空间的需求,共同构成了企业转型的背景。而在公司主营业务转为茶餐厅之后,不仅为女性提供了更多的就业机会,还吸引了大批女性消费者在这一公共空间中就餐。而她们也将这一过程记录了下来。故以轻盈面包公司为代表的茶餐厅既让禁酒运动的理念得以贯彻,也为女性和社会中下层提供了公共餐饮空间,改变了他们的生活方式,并增加了英国的人均茶叶消费量。This paper examines the transformation of the Aerated Bread Company,an industrial staple food company,into a British tea restaurant giant,in contrast to previous studies that focused on the process and direct impacts of the temperance movement in nineteenth-century England.It highlights the impact of the temperance movement on public dining practices and women's lifestyles from various perspectives.The misunderstood nature of Aerated Bread,the involvement of Benjamin Ward Richardson(a director of the company and an advocate of the temperance movement),the principles of the movement,and the public's demand for public dining space collectively set the stage for the company's evolution.After shifting its primary business to tea rooms,Aerated Bread Company created more employment opportunities for women and attracted many female consumers to dine in this public space.These women also documented their experiences.Represented by the Aerated Bread Company,the tea rooms embodied the principles of the temperance movement as well as provided public dining spaces for women and the lower and middle classes,thereby altering their lifestyles and increasing per capita tea consumption in England.

关 键 词：茶餐厅 轻盈面包公司 禁酒运动 城市女性 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学] F119[历史地理—世界史]