清代《科场条例》纂修考述  

A Study of the Compilation of the Kechang Tiaoli in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：贾安琪 聂鑫[1] Jia Anqi;Nie Xin(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第11期117-131,共15页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20231225);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2024M751581)。

摘　　要：清初《科场条例》是在明朝旧制的基础上参酌时宜改纂而成,采取“纂辑续刻,附入旧帙”的修订方式。随着清朝科举制度的完善与立法技术的提高,乾隆年间,清廷对《科场条例》的编修方式、体例结构进行诸多调整。在此过程中,确立了《钦定科场条例》《续增科场条例》双轨并行的修例制度,形成了“现行之例”与“例案”相辅相成的统编体系。清中后期,出于统一法守的需要,清廷进一步调整了《科场条例》的修订策略。厘清例案关系、对既有定例进行体系性整合,成为礼部纂修《科场条例》的重要工作。虽然例案两歧的问题终晚清之世并没有得到彻底解决,但《科场条例》的形式与内容在修订过程中日趋完善。《科场条例》的体系化过程及其消除法律冲突的实践经验对当代中国法典编纂仍具参考价值。The evolution of civilization and the development of a country often exhibit diverse paths and characteristics.Based on special cultural traditions and national conditions,ancient Chinese law has formed a unique development context and system structure that are different from those of the Western countries,which cannot be imagined and restored by Western legal frameworks.The process of the formation and evolution of the Kechang Tiaoli(《科场条例》)showcases the unique evolution mechanism of ancient Chinese law.The compilation of Kechang Tiaoli of the Qing Dynasty began in the second year of the Shunzhi(1645).As a direct product of the“institutional inheritance of Qing from Ming”,the Kechang Tiaoli which was published in 1645 largely focused on reforming the Ming system,but did not make much innovation in the content of the system.With the continuous conduction of the imperial exams,the Kechang Tiaoli gradually broke away from the legislative tradition of“deleting and revising the Ming Dynasty regulations”,and“new regulations of the Qing Dynasty”were constantly formulated to meet practical needs.The Qing government integrated new and old regulations by compiling promulgated legal norms into existing legal texts,thus forming a continuous tradition of compiling and revising the Kechang Tiaoli.With the continuous improvement of the imperial exams system and the improvement of legislative techniques during the Qianlong Period,the Qing government made many adjustments to the compilation and revision method and structure of the Kechang Tiaoli.During this process,a parallel mode of the enactment of the Kechang Tiaoli and the Xuzeng Kechang Tiaoli(《续增科场条例》)was gradually established,a specialized legislative body was established,and a compilation system of classifying cases into various departments and consolidating regulations and cases was established.After the 44th year of the Qianlong reign(1779),although the Qing government continuously revised the Kechang Tiaoli,they basically follow

关 键 词：清代 《科场条例》 纂修 例案关系 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] D929[历史地理—中国史]