中国制造业数字不平等的测度、动态演进与收敛性检验  

Measurement,Dynamic Evolution,and Convergence Tests of Manufacturing Digital Inequality in China

作　　者：马雪娇 于婷[1] 孔一杰 孙晓华[1] MA Xuejiao;YU Ting;KONG Yijie;SUN Xiaohua(Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学经济管理学院,116024

出　　处：《经济学动态》2024年第11期38-55,共18页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“面向突破性技术的创新生态结构优化与治理体系设计研究”(72074043);国家社会科学基金重大项目“人工智能大模型驱动的科技创新与产业升级策略研究”(24&ZD054)。

摘　　要：在数字经济与实体经济融合过程中,数字不平等成为制造业高质量发展的重要障碍。本文测算了制造业数字接入和数字应用不平等的程度,探究数字不平等的动态演进特征、收敛性及其驱动机制。研究表明,制造业数字应用不平等的程度和降幅均大于数字接入不平等的程度和降幅,数字不平等的维稳性方面二者则相反。此外,制造企业数字接入和数字应用水平存在波动式下降的σ收敛特征,行业和区域层面存在收敛趋势相同的绝对β收敛和条件β收敛特征。进一步机制检验结果证实,企业间的示范效应、竞争效应和渗透效应会同时驱动数字接入和数字应用不平等的收敛速度,竞争效应和渗透效应对数字应用不平等状况的改善更为明显。本研究为理解制造业数字不平等的内涵,促进经济高质量发展提供重要依据。Digital inequality is a developmental gap formed during the access to and use of digital elements,affecting various aspects of social development,industrial upgrading,and individual well-being.Notably,as key players in socioeconomic development,manufacturing enterprises rely heavily on digital elements in their production operations,strategic development,and technological innovation.Digital transformation has thus become a development direction for the manufacturing industry,bringing to the forefront the issue of digital inequality.Therefore,based on the measurement of digital access and application inequality in the manufacturing industry,this study holds practical significance for a deeper analysis of China's digital transformation.Based on the above analysis,this paper selects A-share listed companies in China's manufacturing industry from 2010 to 2021 as the research object,utilizes the kernel density estimation method to portray the distributional characteristics of digital access and digital application,and selects the Gini coefficient and the Terrell index to measure inequality in digital access and digital application in the manufacturing industry,thus exploring the dynamic evolutionary characteristics and convergent changes of digital inequality.Further,the driving mechanisms to alleviate the inequality of digital access and digital application in China's manufacturing industry are examined from the perspective of inter-firm technological spillover effects.It is found that the differences in the growth of digital access and digital application are mainly affected by three mechanisms,namely,the demonstration effect,competition effect,and osmosis effect among firms.This study provides a scientific method to measure enterprise digital inequality,shows the dynamic evolution of digital inequality in China's manufacturing industry from a spatial and temporal perspective,and provides a basis for understanding the convergence drivers of digital inequality in the manufacturing industry.The results of the study sh

关 键 词：数字不平等 数字接入 数字应用 基尼系数 驱动机制 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济] F49F224