兼职工作的收入效应:理论逻辑与经验证据  

The Income Effect of Part-time Work:Theoretical Logic and Empirical Evidence

作　　者：韩雷[1] 冷静 李舜 HAN Lei;LENG Jing;LI Shun(Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学商学院,411105

出　　处：《经济学动态》2024年第11期95-109,共15页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字经济下就业极化的形成机理与治理对策研究”(22AJL007)。

摘　　要：兼职工作作为拓宽收入渠道、增加收入的重要方式之一,劳动者通过兼职工作获得了更高收入吗?本文基于CHNS数据库(1991-2015),从长期与短期视角研究了兼职工作的收入效应。研究结果表明,兼职工作在短期内增加了劳动者的总收入、减少了劳动者的小时收入,长期来看,兼职工作对劳动者的总收入和小时收入均存在抑制作用。上述结论在处理了样本选择偏误和反向因果等内生性问题之后依然稳健。异质性分析表明,兼职工作的收入效应主要存在于非公共部门和中低技能劳动者当中。机制检验显示,兼职工作收入效应的传导机制为劳动供给、经验回报和健康效应。本文结论揭示了兼职工作收入效应短期与长期分化的内在机制,深化了现有成果对兼职工作经济回报的认识。Common prosperity is a core socialist objective,emphasizing shared benefits and widespread wealth.In China's current socialist stage,achieving this requires raising absolute income levels,optimizing income distribution,and reducing disparities.Expanding income channels is a practical way to increase workers'incomes,and with the rise of the gig economy,part-time work has become a popular strategy.However,part-time work has mixed effects on workers.While it often increases total working hours and income by shifting the work-leisure balance toward more work,it reduces leisure time,potentially affecting physical and mental well-being due to reduced rest.Additionally,most part-time jobs in China are low-skill,repetitive roles with limited opportunities for skill development or career advancement,which can result in diminishing experience returns over time.These outcomes raise questions about part-time work's effectiveness in improving income:Does it truly benefit workers?Are there differences between its short-and long-term impacts?Addressing these questions is crucial for both theoretical and practical reasons within the pursuit of common prosperity.This study investigates the income effects of part-time work using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)(1991-2015).The findings of this paper show that in the short term,part-time work increases total income but lowers hourly wages,suggesting a trade-off between income quantity and quality.Over the long term,part-time work suppresses both total income and hourly wages,indicating that while it may offer short-term relief,it does not support sustainable income growth.These results are consistent after controlling sample selection bias and endogeneity using propensity score matching(PSM),treatment effect models,and instrumental variable techniques,confirming the reliability of these conclusions.Further analysis reveals that part-time work's income effects are especially significant for non-public sector workers and those with low-to-medium skills.For these g

关 键 词：兼职工作 收入效应 劳动供给 经验回报 健康效应 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济]